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Genuine entanglement identification of large scale systems is crucial for quantum computation, quantum communication and quantum learning advantage. In contrast to experiments, where noisy intermediate-scale programmable photonic quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Xiao-yu Chen

We present a method to certify the entanglement of all bipartite entangled quantum states in a device-independent way. This is achieved by placing the state in a quantum network and constructing a correlation inequality based on an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-04 Joseph Bowles , Ivan Šupić , Daniel Cavalcanti , Antonio Acín

Multipartite entanglement has been widely regarded as key resources in distributed quantum computing, for instance, multi-party cryptography, measurement based quantum computing, quantum algorithms. It also plays a fundamental role in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-23 Nengkun Yu

We introduce an experimental procedure for the detection of quantum entanglement of an unknown quantum state with as few measurements as possible. The method requires neither a priori knowledge of the state nor a shared reference frame…

Entanglement, the essential resource in quantum information processing, should be witnessed in many tasks such as quantum computing and quantum communication. The conventional entanglement witness method, relying on an idealized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-17 Ping Xu , Xiao Yuan , Luo-Kan Chen , He Lu , Xing-Can Yao , Xiongfeng Ma , Yu-Ao Chen , Jian-Wei Pan

The $W$ state, a canonical representative of multipartite quantum entanglement, plays a crucial role in quantum information science due to its robust entanglement properties. Quantum uncertainty relations, on the other hand, are a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-21 Zhi-Jie Liu , Hao-Nan Qiang , Jie Zhou , Mi Xie , Jing-Ling Chen

Detection of entanglement is an indispensable step to practical quantum computation and communication. Compared with the conventional entanglement witness method based on fidelity, we propose a flexible, machine learning assisted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-11 Jue Xu , Qi Zhao

Detection of entangled states is essential in both fundamental and applied quantum physics. However, this task proves to be challenging especially for general quantum states. One can execute full state tomography but this method is time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 Jan Roik , Karol Bartkiewicz , Antonín Černoch , Karel Lemr

Along with the vast progress in experimental quantum technologies there is an increasing demand for the quantification of entanglement between three or more quantum systems. Theory still does not provide adequate tools for this purpose. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-10 Christopher Eltschka , Jens Siewert

Characterizing entanglement is central for quantum information science. Special observables which indicate entanglement, so-called entanglement witnesses, are a widely used tool for this task. The construction of these witnesses typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Chengjie Zhang , Sophia Denker , Ali Asadian , Otfried Gühne

Entangled quantum states, such as N00N states, are of major importance for quantum technologies due to their quantum-enhanced performance. At the same time, their quantum correlations are relatively vulnerable when they are subjected to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-19 Martin Bohmann , Jan Sperling , Werner Vogel

Quantum entanglement is commonly assumed to be a central resource for quantum computing and quantum simulation. Nonetheless, the capability to detect it in many-body systems is severely limited by the absence of sufficiently scalable and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-17 Irénée Frérot , Flavio Baccari , Antonio Acín

How can one prove that a given state is entangled? In this paper we review different methods that have been proposed for entanglement detection. We first explain the basic elements of entanglement theory for two or more particles and then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-16 Otfried Gühne , Geza Toth

Entanglement, while being critical in many quantum applications, is difficult to characterize experimentally. While entanglement witnesses based on the fidelity to the target entangled state are efficient detectors of entanglement, they in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-29 Won Kyu Calvin Sun , Alexandre Cooper , Paola Cappellaro

Entangled states play a fundamental role in Quantum Mechanics and are at the core of many contemporary applications, such as quantum communication and quantum computing. Therefore, determining whether a state is entangled or not is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-11 J. Cortés-Vega , J. F. Barra , L. Pereira , A. Delgado

Certifying entanglement for unknown quantum states experimentally is a fundamental problem in quantum computing and quantum physics. Because of being easy to implement, a most popular approach for this problem in modern quantum experiments…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-23 Ruiqi Zhang , Zhaohui Wei

Detecting and quantifying quantum entanglement of a given unknown state poses problems that are fundamentally important for quantum information processing. Surprisingly, no direct (i.e., without quantum tomography) universal experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-13 Karol Bartkiewicz , Paweł Horodecki , Karel Lemr , Adam Miranowicz , Karol Życzkowski

We develop an approach of quantifying entanglement in mixed quantum states by the optimal entanglement witness operator. We identify the convex set of mixed states for which a single witness provides the exact value of an entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-07 S. -S. B. Lee , H. -S. Sim

Recently, there are tremendous developments on the number of controllable qubits in several quantum computing systems. For these implementations, it is crucial to determine the entanglement structure of the prepared multipartite quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-10 You Zhou , Qi Zhao , Xiao Yuan , Xiongfeng Ma

The first characterization of mixed-state entanglement was achieved for two-qubit states in Werner's seminal work [Phys. Rev. A 40, 4277 (1989)]. A physically important extension of this result concerns mixtures of a pure entangled state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Christopher Eltschka , Jens Siewert