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Class-wise characteristics of training examples affect the performance of deep classifiers. A well-studied example is when the number of training examples of classes follows a long-tailed distribution, a situation that is likely to yield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Z. S. Baltaci , K. Oksuz , S. Kuzucu , K. Tezoren , B. K. Konar , A. Ozkan , E. Akbas , S. Kalkan

We study the problem of learning classifiers that perform well across (known or unknown) groups of data. After observing that common worst-group-accuracy datasets suffer from substantial imbalances, we set out to compare state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Badr Youbi Idrissi , Martin Arjovsky , Mohammad Pezeshki , David Lopez-Paz

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) is a practical and challenging problem for achieving general artificial intelligence. Recently, Pre-Trained Models (PTMs) have led to breakthroughs in both visual and natural language processing tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Junhao Zheng , Ruiyan Wang , Chongzhi Zhang , Huawen Feng , Qianli Ma

Class imbalance poses a fundamental challenge in machine learning, frequently leading to unreliable classification performance. While prior methods focus on data- or loss-reweighting schemes, we view imbalance as a data condition that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Jakob Hackstein , Sidney Bender

This paper presents a practical and simple yet efficient method to effectively deal with the catastrophic forgetting for Class Incremental Learning (CIL) tasks. CIL tends to learn new concepts perfectly, but not at the expense of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Bahram Mohammadi , Mohammad Sabokrou

Deep embedding learning is expected to learn a metric space in which features have smaller maximal intra-class distance than minimal inter-class distance. In recent years, one research focus is to solve the open-set problem by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Hao Zhu , Yang Yuan , Guosheng Hu , Xiang Wu , Neil Robertson

Multilinguality is crucial for extending recent advancements in language modelling to diverse linguistic communities. To maintain high performance while representing multiple languages, multilingual models ideally align representations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Anton Schäfer , Shauli Ravfogel , Thomas Hofmann , Tiago Pimentel , Imanol Schlag

Class imbalance is a common problem in the case of real-world object detection and classification tasks. Data of some classes is abundant making them an over-represented majority, and data of other classes is scarce, making them an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-24 Salman H. Khan , Munawar Hayat , Mohammed Bennamoun , Ferdous Sohel , Roberto Togneri

Rehearsal approaches in class incremental learning (CIL) suffer from decision boundary overfitting to new classes, which is mainly caused by two factors: insufficiency of old classes data for knowledge distillation and imbalanced data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Kunchi Li , Jun Wan , Shan Yu

Online class imbalance learning constitutes a new problem and an emerging research topic that focusses on the challenges of online learning under class imbalance and concept drift. Class imbalance deals with data streams that have very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Kleanthis Malialis , Christos G. Panayiotou , Marios M. Polycarpou

Benchmark datasets for visual recognition assume that data is uniformly distributed, while real-world datasets obey long-tailed distribution. Current approaches handle the long-tailed problem to transform the long-tailed dataset to uniform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Renhui Zhang , Tiancheng Lin , Rui Zhang , Yi Xu

Data in real-world application often exhibit skewed class distribution which poses an intense challenge for machine learning. Conventional classification algorithms are not effective in the case of imbalanced data distribution, and may fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Enlu Lin , Qiong Chen , Xiaoming Qi

Clinicians usually combine information from multiple sources to achieve the most accurate diagnosis, and this has sparked increasing interest in leveraging multimodal deep learning for diagnosis. However, in real clinical scenarios, due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kai Han , Chongwen Lyu , Lele Ma , Chengxuan Qian , Siqi Ma , Zheng Pang , Jun Chen , Zhe Liu

When modeling class-imbalanced data, it is crucial to address the imbalance, as models trained on such data tend to be biased towards the majority classes. This problem is amplified under partial supervision, where pseudo-labels for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Heegeon Yoon , Heeyoung Kim

In real-world applications, as data availability increases, obtaining labeled data for machine learning (ML) projects remains challenging due to the high costs and intensive efforts required for data annotation. Many ML projects,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ismail Hakki Karaman , Gulser Koksal , Levent Eriskin , Salih Salihoglu

Class imbalance severely impacts machine learning performance on minority classes in real-world applications. While various solutions exist, active learning offers a fundamental fix by strategically collecting balanced, informative labeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Shyam Nuggehalli , Jifan Zhang , Lalit Jain , Robert Nowak

To overcome the imbalanced multimodal learning problem, where models prefer the training of specific modalities, existing methods propose to control the training of uni-modal encoders from different perspectives, taking the inter-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yake Wei , Siwei Li , Ruoxuan Feng , Di Hu

We observe a high level of imbalance in the accuracy of different classes in the same old task for the first time. This intriguing phenomenon, discovered in replay-based Class Incremental Learning (CIL), highlights the imbalanced forgetting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Shixiong Xu , Gaofeng Meng , Xing Nie , Bolin Ni , Bin Fan , Shiming Xiang

Robots should be able to learn complex behaviors from human demonstrations. In practice, these human-provided datasets are inevitably imbalanced: i.e., the human demonstrates some subtasks more frequently than others. State-of-the-art…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Sagar Parekh , Heramb Nemlekar , Dylan P. Losey

As an emerging research topic, online class imbalance learning often combines the challenges of both class imbalance and concept drift. It deals with data streams having very skewed class distributions, where concept drift may occur. It has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-21 Shuo Wang , Leandro L. Minku , Xin Yao