Related papers: Testing the null energy condition with precise dis…
Terrestrial microlens parallax is one of the very few methods that can measure the mass and number density of isolated dark low-mass objects, such as old free-floating planets and brown dwarfs. Terrestrial microlens parallax can be measured…
Parallax is the most fundamental technique to measure distances to astronomical objects. Although terrestrial parallax was pioneered over 2000 years ago by Hipparchus (ca. 140 BCE) to measure the distance to the Moon, the baseline of the…
In this paper we study an application of an information distance between two measurements to the problem of non-contextuality and local realism. We postulate the triangle principle which states that any information distance is well defined…
In agreement with Michelson-Morley experiments performed in vacuum, we show that, assuming the existence of a fundamental aether frame and of a length contraction affecting the material bodies in the direction of the Earth absolute…
There are two basic ways to measure physical distances in cosmology: One based on standard candles and one based on standard rulers. Comparing current data for each method allows us to rule out axion-photon mixing and dust-extinction as the…
This paper is the third and final component of a three-part effort on observers contracting a Riemannian distance between the state of the system and its estimate. In Part I, we showed that such a contraction property holds if the system…
By using a method improved with a generalized optical metric, the deflection of light for an observer and source at finite distance from a lens object in a stationary, axisymmetric and asymptotically flat spacetime has been recently…
We study how convergence of an observer whose state lives in a copy of the given system's space can be established using a Riemannian metric. We show that the existence of an observer guaranteeing the property that a Riemannian distance…
We introduce a new statistical quantity the energy to test whether two samples originate from the same distributions. The energy is a simple logarithmic function of the distances of the observations in the variate space. The distribution of…
The luminosity distance vs. redshift law is now measured using supernovae and gamma ray bursts, and the angular size distance is measured at the surface of last scattering by the CMB and at z = 0.35 by baryon acoustic oscillations. In this…
We geometrically analyze the problem of estimating parameters related to the shape and size of a two-dimensional target object on the plane by using randomly distributed distance sensors whose locations are unknown. Based on the analysis…
The law of balance of angular momentum is shown to imply the existence of absolute time, a fundamental physical quantity that is independent of the motion or position of the observer. Absolute time implies the notion of absolute…
The cosmic distance duality relation is a milestone of cosmology involving the luminosity and angular diameter distances. Any departure of the relation points to new physics or systematic errors in the observations, therefore tests of the…
It is shown that the averaged null energy condition is fulfilled for a dense, translationally invariant set of vector states in any local quantum field theory in two-dimensional Minkowski spacetime whenever the theory has a mass gap and…
Normally the issue or question of the time of arrival of light rays at an observer coming from a given source is associated with Fermat's Principle of Least Time which yields paths of extremal time. We here investigate a related but…
We propose a new method to test the cosmic distance duality relation using the strongly lensed gravitational waves. The simultaneous observations of image positions, the relative time delay between different images, the redshift…
We explore different facets of the action of linearized gravitational waves in Minkowski spacetime background upon light, under the electromagnetic geometrical optics limit, covering the main aspects: light trajectory perturbations, radar…
The deflection and gravitational lensing of light and massive particles in arbitrary static, spherically symmetric and asymptotically (anti-)de Sitter spacetimes are considered in this work. We first proved that for spacetimes whose metric…
I show that for a substantial fraction of planets detected in a space-based survey, it would be possible to measure the planet and host masses and distances, if the survey satellite were placed in geosynchronous orbit. Such an orbit would…
That the speed of light is a universal constant is a logical consequence of Maxwell's equations. Here we show the converse is also true. Electromagnetism (EM) and electrodynamics (ED), in all details, can be derived from two simple…