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The study of quantum chromatic numbers of graphs is a hot research topic in recent years. However, the infinite family of graphs with known quantum chromatic numbers are rare, as far as we know, the only known such graphs (except for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-31 Xiwang Cao , Keqin Feng , Ying-Ying Tan

We construct a new graph on 120 vertices whose quantum and classical independence numbers are different. At the same time, we construct an infinite family of graphs whose quantum chromatic numbers are smaller than the classical chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-09 Chris Godsil , Mariia Sobchuk

We say that a vertex or edge colouring of a graph is distinguishing if the only automorphism that preserves this colouring is the identity. A (proper) distinguishing colouring is irreducible if there is no possibility of merging two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Marcin Stawiski

A countable graph is ultrahomogeneous if every isomorphism between finite induced subgraphs can be extended to an automorphism. Woodrow and Lachlan showed that there are essentially four types of such countably infinite graphs: the random…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-30 J. Jonušas , J. D. Mitchell

Motivated by string diagrammatic approach to undirected tracial quantum graphs by Musto, Reutter, Verdon (2018), in the former part of this paper we diagrammatically formulate directed nontracial quantum graphs by Brannan, Chirvasitu,…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2022-10-05 Junichiro Matsuda

The paper deals with some spectral properties of (mostly infinite) quantum and combinatorial graphs. Quantum graphs have been intensively studied lately due to their numerous applications to mesoscopic physics, nanotechnology, optics, and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Peter Kuchment

We propose a novel variational method for solving the sub-graph isomorphism problem on a gate-based quantum computer. The method relies (1) on a new representation of the adjacency matrices of the underlying graphs, which requires a number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 Nicola Mariella , Andrea Simonetto

We present quantum complexity lower and upper bounds for independent set problems in graphs. In particular, we give quantum algorithms for computing a maximal and a maximum independent set in a graph. We present applications of these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sebastian Doern

We study the automorphisms of graph products of cyclic groups, a class of groups that includes all right-angled Coxeter and right-angled Artin groups. We show that the group of automorphism generated by partial conjugations is itself a…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2009-10-27 Ruth Charney , Kim Ruane , Nathaniel Stambaugh , Anna Vijayan

Colouring problems arising from group-based constructions provide a natural link between combinatorics and algebra, particularly in the study of Cayley graphs and Latin squares. We introduce the notion of colouring bijections of finite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Piotr Grzeszczuk

The \emph{Square Colouring} of a graph $G$ refers to colouring of vertices of a graph such that any two distinct vertices which are at distance at most two receive different colours. In this paper, we initiate the study of a related…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-03-14 V P Abidha , Pradeesha Ashok , Avi Tomar , Dolly Yadav

Connectedness and bipartiteness are basic properties of classical graphs, and the purpose of this paper is to investigate the case of quantum graphs. We introduce the notion of connectedness and bipartiteness of quantum graphs in terms of…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-07-31 Junichiro Matsuda

We present the general Hardy-like quantum pigeonhole paradoxes for \textit{n}-particle states, and find that each of such paradoxes can be simply associated to an un-colorable solution of a specific vertex-coloring problem induced from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-22 Shihao Ru , Cen-Xiao Huang , Xiao-Min Hu , Chao Zhang , Feiran Wang , Ni Liu , Weidong Tang , Pei Zhang , Bi-Heng Liu , Fuli Li

The partial automorphisms of a graph $X$ having $N$ vertices are the bijections $\sigma:I\to J$ with $I,J\subset\{1,\ldots,N\}$ which leave invariant the edges. These bijections form a semigroup $\widetilde{G}(X)$, which contains the…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2021-12-07 Teo Banica

We look at colourings of $r$-uniform hypergraphs, focusing our attention on unique colourability and gaps in the chromatic spectrum. The pattern of an edge $E$ in an $r$-uniform hypergraph $H$ whose vertices are coloured is the partition of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-17 Yair Caro , Josef Lauri , Christina Zarb

The determination of the quantum chromatic number of graphs has attracted considerable attention recently. However, there are few families of graphs whose quantum chromatic numbers are determined. A notable exception is the family of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Tao Luo , Yu Ning , Xiande Zhang

Let us be given two graphs $\Gamma_1$, $\Gamma_2$ of $n$ vertices. Are they isomorphic? If they are, the set of isomorphisms from $\Gamma_1$ to $\Gamma_2$ can be identified with a coset $H\cdot\pi$ inside the symmetric group on $n$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-13 Harald Andrés Helfgott , Jitendra Bajpai , Daniele Dona

We study the graph isomorphism game that arises in quantum information theory from the perspective of bigalois extensions of compact quantum groups. We show that every algebraic quantum isomorphism between a pair of (quantum) graphs $X$ and…

We give a sharp bound for the automorphism group of a cubic simple graph with a given number of vertices. For each number of vertices we give an explicit graph attaining the bound, and prove its uniqueness in special cases.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael A. van Opstall , Razvan Veliche

In this paper, we first study a new extremal problem recently posed by Conlon and Tyomkyn~(arXiv: 2002.00921). Given a graph $H$ and an integer $k\geqslant 2$, let $f_{k}(n,H)$ be the smallest number of colors $c$ such that there exists a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-15 Zixiang Xu , Tao Zhang , Yifan Jing , Gennian Ge