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The inability of state-of-the-art semantic segmentation methods to detect anomaly instances hinders them from being deployed in safety-critical and complex applications, such as autonomous driving. Recent approaches have focused on either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Giancarlo Di Biase , Hermann Blum , Roland Siegwart , Cesar Cadena

With the emergence of transformer-based architectures and large language models (LLMs), the accuracy of road scene perception has substantially advanced. Nonetheless, current road scene segmentation approaches are predominantly trained on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Mi Zheng , Guanglei Yang , Zitong Huang , Zhenhua Guo , Kevin Han , Wangmeng Zuo

Robust autonomous driving requires agents to accurately identify unexpected areas (anomalies) in urban scenes. To this end, some critical issues remain open: how to design advisable metric to measure anomalies, and how to properly generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yuanpeng Tu , Yuxi Li , Boshen Zhang , Liang Liu , Jiangning Zhang , Yabiao Wang , Cai Rong Zhao

Learning semantic segmentation requires pixel-wise annotations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. To reduce the annotation cost, we propose a superpixel-based active learning (AL) framework, which collects a dominant label per…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Hoyoung Kim , Minhyeon Oh , Sehyun Hwang , Suha Kwak , Jungseul Ok

Anomaly detection aims at identifying deviant instances from the normal data distribution. Many advances have been made in the field, including the innovative use of unsupervised contrastive learning. However, existing methods generally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Sungwon Han , Hyeonho Song , Seungeon Lee , Sungwon Park , Meeyoung Cha

Traditional semantic segmentation methods can recognize at test time only the classes that are present in the training set. This is a significant limitation, especially for semantic segmentation algorithms mounted on intelligent autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Dario Fontanel , Fabio Cermelli , Massimiliano Mancini , Barbara Caputo

Active learning (AL) has emerged as a crucial methodology for minimizing labeling costs in deep learning by selecting the most valuable samples from a pool of unlabeled data for annotation. Traditional AL operates under a closed-set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zongyao Lyu , William J. Beksi

Active learning (AL) has found wide applications in medical image segmentation, aiming to alleviate the annotation workload and enhance performance. Conventional uncertainty-based AL methods, such as entropy and Bayesian, often rely on an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Siteng Ma , Haochang Wu , Aonghus Lawlor , Ruihai Dong

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods assume that labeled data, unlabeled data and test data are from the same distribution. Open-set semi-supervised learning (Open-set SSL) considers a more practical scenario, where unlabeled data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yang Yu , Danruo Deng , Furui Liu , Yueming Jin , Qi Dou , Guangyong Chen , Pheng-Ann Heng

As one of the most challenging and practical segmentation tasks, open-world semantic segmentation requires the model to segment the anomaly regions in the images and incrementally learn to segment out-of-distribution (OOD) objects,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Hexin Dong , Zifan Chen , Mingze Yuan , Yutong Xie , Jie Zhao , Fei Yu , Bin Dong , Li Zhang

As part of autonomous car driving systems, semantic segmentation is an essential component to obtain a full understanding of the car's environment. One difficulty, that occurs while training neural networks for this purpose, is class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Robin Chan , Matthias Rottmann , Fabian Hüger , Peter Schlicht , Hanno Gottschalk

Model-based imitation learning (MBIL) is a popular reinforcement learning method that improves sample efficiency on high-dimension input sources, such as images and videos. Following the convention of MBIL research, existing algorithms are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Shenghua Wan , Yucen Wang , Minghao Shao , Ruying Chen , De-Chuan Zhan

Adversarial training (AT) trains models using adversarial examples (AEs), which are natural images modified with specific perturbations to mislead the model. These perturbations are constrained by a predefined perturbation budget $\epsilon$…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jiacheng Zhang , Feng Liu , Dawei Zhou , Jingfeng Zhang , Tongliang Liu

Semantic segmentation methods can not directly identify abnormal objects in images. Anomaly Segmentation algorithm from this realistic setting can distinguish between in-distribution objects and Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) objects and output…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Yiqing Hao , Yi Jin , Gaoyun An

Due to the limited and even imbalanced data, semi-supervised semantic segmentation tends to have poor performance on some certain categories, e.g., tailed categories in Cityscapes dataset which exhibits a long-tailed label distribution.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Hanzhe Hu , Fangyun Wei , Han Hu , Qiwei Ye , Jinshi Cui , Liwei Wang

Semantic segmentation in autonomous driving predominantly focuses on learning from large-scale data with a closed set of known classes without considering unknown objects. Motivated by safety reasons, we address the video class agnostic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Mennatullah Siam , Alex Kendall , Martin Jagersand

Annotating datasets for object detection is an expensive and time-consuming endeavor. To minimize this burden, active learning (AL) techniques are employed to select the most informative samples for annotation within a constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Chenhongyi Yang , Lichao Huang , Elliot J. Crowley

Segmenting unknown or anomalous object instances is a critical task in autonomous driving applications, and it is approached traditionally as a per-pixel classification problem. However, reasoning individually about each pixel without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Shyam Nandan Rai , Fabio Cermelli , Barbara Caputo , Carlo Masone

Anomaly segmentation is a critical task for driving applications, and it is approached traditionally as a per-pixel classification problem. However, reasoning individually about each pixel without considering their contextual semantics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Shyam Nandan Rai , Fabio Cermelli , Dario Fontanel , Carlo Masone , Barbara Caputo

Although weakly-supervised techniques can reduce the labeling effort, it is unclear whether a saliency model trained with weakly-supervised data (e.g., point annotation) can achieve the equivalent performance of its fully-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Zhenyu Wu , Lin Wang , Wei Wang , Qing Xia , Chenglizhao Chen , Aimin Hao , Shuo Li
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