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Subseasonal forecasting -- predicting temperature and precipitation 2 to 6 weeks ahead -- is critical for effective water allocation, wildfire management, and drought and flood mitigation. Recent international research efforts have advanced…

Subseasonal forecasting of the weather two to six weeks in advance is critical for resource allocation and advance disaster notice but poses many challenges for the forecasting community. At this forecast horizon, physics-based dynamical…

In statistics, forecast uncertainty is often quantified using a specified statistical model, though such approaches may be vulnerable to model misspecification, selection bias, and limited finite-sample validity. While bootstrapping can…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-12 Han Lin Shang

Spatio-temporal problems exist in many areas of knowledge and disciplines ranging from biology to engineering and physics. However, solution strategies based on classical statistical techniques often fall short due to the large number of…

Applications · Statistics 2017-06-15 Emil B. Iversen , Rune Juhl , Jan K. Møller , Jan Kleissl , Henrik Madsen , Juan M. Morales

Deep learning methods achieve remarkable predictive performance in modeling complex, large-scale data. However, assessing the quality of derived models has become increasingly challenging, as more classical statistical assumptions may no…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-02 Daniele Zambon , Cesare Alippi

Predicting the response at an unobserved location is a fundamental problem in spatial statistics. Given the difficulty in modeling spatial dependence, especially in non-stationary cases, model-based prediction intervals are at risk of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-09 Huiying Mao , Ryan Martin , Brian Reich

The majority of real-world processes are spatiotemporal, and the data generated by them exhibits both spatial and temporal evolution. Weather is one of the most essential processes in this domain, and weather forecasting has become a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Shakir Showkat Sofi , Ivan Oseledets

Explosive growth in spatio-temporal data and its wide range of applications have attracted increasing interests of researchers in the statistical and machine learning fields. The spatio-temporal regression problem is of paramount importance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Aniruddha Rajendra Rao , Qiyao Wang , Haiyan Wang , Hamed Khorasgani , Chetan Gupta

Particulate matter data now include various particle sizes, which often manifest as a collection of curves observed sequentially over time. When considering 51 distinct particle sizes, these curves form a high-dimensional functional time…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-03 Han Lin Shang , Israel Martinez Hernandez

Complex network theory provides an important tool for the analysis of complex systems such as the Earth's climate. In this context, functional climate networks can be constructed using a spatiotemporal climate dataset and a suitable time…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-09-22 Leonardo N. Ferreira , Nicole C. R. Ferreira , Elbert E. N. Macau , Reik V. Donner

We extend generalized functional linear models under independence to a situation in which a functional covariate is related to a scalar response variable that exhibits spatial dependence-a complex yet prevalent phenomenon. For estimation,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-22 Sooran Kim , Mark S. Kaiser , Xiongtao Dai

Many real-life applications involve simultaneously forecasting multiple time series that are hierarchically related via aggregation or disaggregation operations. For instance, commercial organizations often want to forecast inventories…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Xing Han , Sambarta Dasgupta , Joydeep Ghosh

Time Series Forecasting has been an active area of research due to its many applications ranging from network usage prediction, resource allocation, anomaly detection, and predictive maintenance. Numerous publications published in the last…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Aryan Jadon , Avinash Patil , Shruti Jadon

Machine learning for time-series forecasting remains a key area of research. Despite successful application of many machine learning techniques, relating computational efficiency to forecast error remains an under-explored domain. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Elin Törnquist , Wagner Costa Santos , Timothy Pogue , Nicholas Wingle , Robert A. Caulk

A major challenge of climate change adaptation is to assess the effect of changing weather on human health. In spite of an increasing literature on the weather-related health subject, many aspect of the relationship are not known, limiting…

This study aims to improve the accuracy of weather predictions by discovering spatial correlations between Earth observations and atmospheric states. Existing numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems predict future atmospheric states at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hyeon-Ju Jeon , Jeon-Ho Kang , In-Hyuk Kwon , O-Joun Lee

Acknowledging a considerable literature on modeling daily temperature data, we propose a multi-level spatio-temporal model which introduces several innovations in order to explain the daily maximum temperature in the summer period over 60…

We propose a new autocorrelation measure for functional time series that we term spherical autocorrelation. It is based on measuring the average angle between lagged pairs of series after having been projected onto the unit sphere. This new…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-14 Chi-Kuang Yeh , Gregory Rice , Joel A. Dubin

Conformal prediction offers a practical framework for distribution-free uncertainty quantification, providing finite-sample coverage guarantees under relatively mild assumptions on data exchangeability. However, these assumptions cease to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-25 Derck W. E. Prinzhorn , Thijmen Nijdam , Putri A. van der Linden , Alexander Timans

A comprehensive understanding of the behaviours of the various geophysical processes and an effective evaluation of time series (else referred to as "stochastic") simulation models require, among others, detailed investigations across…

Applications · Statistics 2023-03-06 Georgia Papacharalampous , Hristos Tyralis , Yannis Markonis , Martin Hanel