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Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) methods find optimal policies for agents that operate in the presence of other learning agents. Central to achieving this is how the agents coordinate. One way to coordinate is by learning to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Shubham Gupta , Rishi Hazra , Ambedkar Dukkipati

For communication to happen successfully, a common language is required between agents to understand information communicated by one another. Inducing the emergence of a common language has been a difficult challenge to multi-agent learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Yat Long Lo , Biswa Sengupta

We present a method for combining multi-agent communication and traditional data-driven approaches to natural language learning, with an end goal of teaching agents to communicate with humans in natural language. Our starting point is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Angeliki Lazaridou , Anna Potapenko , Olivier Tieleman

We study the problem of emergent communication, in which language arises because speakers and listeners must communicate information in order to solve tasks. In temporally extended reinforcement learning domains, it has proved hard to learn…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Tom Eccles , Yoram Bachrach , Guy Lever , Angeliki Lazaridou , Thore Graepel

The current mainstream approach to train natural language systems is to expose them to large amounts of text. This passive learning is problematic if we are interested in developing interactive machines, such as conversational agents. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Angeliki Lazaridou , Alexander Peysakhovich , Marco Baroni

While most machine translation systems to date are trained on large parallel corpora, humans learn language in a different way: by being grounded in an environment and interacting with other humans. In this work, we propose a communication…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Jason Lee , Kyunghyun Cho , Jason Weston , Douwe Kiela

Multi-agent reinforcement learning has been used as an effective means to study emergent communication between agents, yet little focus has been given to continuous acoustic communication. This would be more akin to human language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Kevin Eloff , Okko Räsänen , Herman A. Engelbrecht , Arnu Pretorius , Herman Kamper

The ability to cooperate through language is a defining feature of humans. As the perceptual, motory and planning capabilities of deep artificial networks increase, researchers are studying whether they also can develop a shared language to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Angeliki Lazaridou , Marco Baroni

Many real-world problems require the coordination of multiple autonomous agents. Recent work has shown the promise of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to learn explicit communication strategies that enable complex multi-agent coordination.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Jan Blumenkamp , Amanda Prorok

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms have recently been used to train multiple interacting agents in a centralised manner whilst keeping their execution decentralised. When the agents can only acquire partial observations and are faced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Emanuele Pesce , Giovanni Montana

Multi-agent reinforcement learning is a promising research area that extends established reinforcement learning approaches to problems formulated as multi-agent systems. Recently, a multitude of communication methods have been introduced to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Christoph Wittner

Communication is one of the effective means to improve the learning of cooperative policy in multi-agent systems. However, in most real-world scenarios, lossy communication is a prevalent issue. Existing multi-agent reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Guang Yang , Tianpei Yang , Jingwen Qiao , Yanqing Wu , Jing Huo , Xingguo Chen , Yang Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities in mathematical and scientific tasks. To enhance complex reasoning, multi-agent systems have been proposed to harness the collective intelligence of LLM agents.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhenyu Bi , Meng Lu , Yang Li , Swastik Roy , Weijie Guan , Morteza Ziyadi , Xuan Wang

Most prior works on communication in multi-agent reinforcement learning have focused on emergent communication, which often results in inefficient and non-interpretable systems. Inspired by the role of language in natural intelligence, we…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Maxime Toquebiau , Jae-Yun Jun , Faïz Benamar , Nicolas Bredeche

Humans use language to collectively execute abstract strategies besides using it as a referential tool for identifying physical entities. Recently, multiple attempts at replicating the process of emergence of language in artificial agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Shubham Gupta , Ambedkar Dukkipati

In this work, our goal is to train agents that can coordinate with seen, unseen as well as human partners in a multi-agent communication environment involving natural language. Previous work using a single set of agents has shown great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Abhinav Gupta , Marc Lanctot , Angeliki Lazaridou

Many tasks in AI require the collaboration of multiple agents. Typically, the communication protocol between agents is manually specified and not altered during training. In this paper we explore a simple neural model, called CommNet, that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Arthur Szlam , Rob Fergus

Multi-agent reinforcement learning offers a way to study how communication could emerge in communities of agents needing to solve specific problems. In this paper, we study the emergence of communication in the negotiation environment, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Kris Cao , Angeliki Lazaridou , Marc Lanctot , Joel Z Leibo , Karl Tuyls , Stephen Clark

We consider the issue of multiple agents learning to communicate through reinforcement learning within partially observable environments, with a focus on information asymmetry in the second part of our work. We provide a review of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Mohamed Salah Zaïem , Etienne Bennequin

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) extends (single-agent) reinforcement learning (RL) by introducing additional agents and (potentially) partial observability of the environment. Consequently, algorithms for solving MARL problems…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Yilun Zhou , Derrik E. Asher , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Julie A. Shah
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