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Protostellar discs are mostly modelled as circular structures of gas and dust orbiting a protostar. However, a number of physical mechanisms, e.g. the presence of a (sub)stellar companion or initial axial asymmetry, can cause the gas and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-26 Enrico Ragusa , Elliot Lynch , Guillaume Laibe , Cristiano Longarini , Simone Ceppi

Substructures are ubiquitous in high resolution (sub-)millimeter continuum observations of circumstellar disks. They are possibly caused by forming planets embedded in the disk. To investigate the relation between observed substructures and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-19 Fabian Binkert , Judit Szulágyi , Til Birnstiel

While detecting low mass exoplanets at tens of au is beyond current instrumentation, debris discs provide a unique opportunity to study the outer regions of planetary systems. Here we report new ALMA observations of the 80-200 Myr old Solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-18 S. Marino , J. Carpenter , M. C. Wyatt , M. Booth , S. Casassus , V. Faramaz , V. Guzman , A. M. Hughes , A. Isella G. M. Kennedy , L. Matrà , L. Ricci , S. Corder

The high occurrence rates of spiral arms and large central clearings in protoplanetary disks, if interpreted as signposts of giant planets, indicate that gas giants form commonly as companions to young stars ($<$ few Myr) at orbital…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-03 Sean D. Brittain , Joan R. Najita , Ruobing Dong , Zhaohuan Zhu

Close binary systems present challenges to planet formation. As binary separations decrease, so too do the occurrence rates of protoplanetary disks in young systems and planets in mature systems. For systems that do retain disks, their disk…

A significant fraction of the mature FGK stars have cool dusty disks at least an orders of magnitudes brighter than the solar system's outer zodiacal light. Since such dusts must be continually replenished, they are generally assumed to be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Ruobing Dong , Yan Wang , D. N. C. Lin , X. -W. Liu

Millimeter sized dust grains experience radial velocities exceeding the gas velocities by orders of magnitude. The viscous evolution of the accretion disk adds disk material onto the central star's convective envelope, influencing its…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-15 León-Alexander Hühn , Bertram Bitsch

The recent ALMA DSHARP survey provided illuminating results on the diversity of substructures in planet forming disks. These substructures trace pebble-sized grains accumulated at local pressure maxima, possibly due to planet-disk…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-10 Deryl Long , Ke Zhang , Richard Teague , Edwin Bergin

Correlations in the orbits of several minor planets in the outer solar system suggest the presence of a remote, massive Planet Nine. With at least ten times the mass of the Earth and a perihelion well beyond 100 AU, Planet Nine poses a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-27 Benjamin C. Bromley , Scott J. Kenyon

Recent observations from NASA's Kepler mission detected the first planets in circumbinary orbits. The question we try to answer is where these planets formed in the circumbinary disk and how far inside they migrated to reach their present…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Francesco Marzari , Philippe Thebault , Hans Scholl , G. Picogna , Clement Baruteau

Recent far-UV (FUV) and near-UV (NUV) observations of the nearby galaxy NGC4625 made by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) show the presence of an extended UV disk reaching 4 times the optical radius of the galaxy. The UV-to-optical…

Self-gravitating protostellar discs are unstable to fragmentation if the gas can cool on a time scale that is short compared to the orbital period. We use a combination of hydrodynamic simulations and N-body orbit integrations to study the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 W. K. M. Rice , P. J. Armitage , I. A. Bonnell , M. R. Bate , S. V. Jeffers , S. G. Vine

Most stars are born in clusters and the resulting gravitational interactions between cluster members may significantly affect the evolution of circumstellar discs and therefore the formation of planets and brown dwarfs. Recent findings…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-06-18 Ingo Thies , Pavel Kroupa , Simon P. Goodwin , Dimitrios Stamatellos , Anthony P. Whitworth

Hydrodynamical simulations of planet-disk interactions suggest that planets may be responsible for a number of the sub-structures frequently observed in disks in both scattered light and dust thermal emission. Despite the ubiquity of these…

Gravitational scattering between massive planets has been invoked to explain the eccentricity distribution of extrasolar planets. For scattering to occur, the planets must either form in -- or migrate into -- an unstable configuration. In…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Nickolas Moeckel , Sean N. Raymond , Philip J. Armitage

The protoplanetary disk around the F-type star HD 135344B (SAO 206462) is in a transition stage and shows many intriguing structures both in scattered light and thermal (sub-)millimeter emission which are possibly related to planet…

Observations of the youngest planets ($\sim$1-10 Myr for a transitional disk) will increase the accuracy of our planet formation models. Unfortunately, observations of such planets are challenging and time-consuming to undertake even in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-23 Jack Dobinson , Zoe M. Leinhardt , Stefan Lines , Philip J. Carter , Sarah E. Dodson-Robinson , Nick A. Teanby

Planet formation in the chemically ancient, dynamically heated Galactic thick disc remains poorly constrained, owing to the expectation that its low solid reservoirs, short disc lifetimes, and harsh irradiation environments inhibit…

We have used deep, wide-field optical imaging to study the faint outskirts of the luminous spiral galaxy M101 (NGC 5457), as well as its surrounding environment. Over six square degrees, our imaging has a limiting surface brightness of mu_B…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Chris Mihos , Paul Harding , Chelsea Spengler , Craig Rudick , John Feldmeier

We report on the first bird's-eye view of the innermost accretion disk around the high-mass protostellar object G353.273+0.641, taken by Atacama Large Millimter/submillimeter Array long-baselines. The disk traced by dust continuum emission…