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Outsourced deep neural networks have been demonstrated to suffer from patch-based trojan attacks, in which an adversary poisons the training sets to inject a backdoor in the obtained model so that regular inputs can be still labeled…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Ying He , Zhili Shen , Chang Xia , Jingyu Hua , Wei Tong , Sheng Zhong

We present a novel methodology for neural network backdoor attacks. Unlike existing training-time attacks where the Trojaned network would respond to the Trojan trigger after training, our approach inserts a Trojan that will remain dormant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Feisi Fu , Panagiota Kiourti , Wenchao Li

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) systems are increasingly used in safety-critical applications, yet their security remains severely underexplored. This work investigates backdoor attacks, which implant hidden triggers that cause malicious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Sanyam Vyas , Alberto Caron , Chris Hicks , Pete Burnap , Vasilios Mavroudis

Backdoor attacks become a significant security concern for deep neural networks in recent years. An image classification model can be compromised if malicious backdoors are injected into it. This corruption will cause the model to function…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Hongwei Zhang , Xiaoyin Xu , Dongsheng An , Xianfeng Gu , Min Zhang

Trojan backdoor is a poisoning attack against Neural Network (NN) classifiers in which adversaries try to exploit the (highly desirable) model reuse property to implant Trojans into model parameters for backdoor breaches through a poisoned…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Guanxiong Liu , Abdallah Khreishah , Fatima Sharadgah , Issa Khalil

Federated learning (FL) systems allow decentralized data-owning clients to jointly train a global model through uploading their locally trained updates to a centralized server. The property of decentralization enables adversaries to craft…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yanbo Dai , Songze Li , Zihan Gan , Xueluan Gong

Recent studies revealed that deep neural networks (DNNs) are exposed to backdoor threats when training with third-party resources (such as training samples or backbones). The backdoored model has promising performance in predicting benign…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Chengxiao Luo , Yiming Li , Yong Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

Neural network controllers are increasingly deployed in robotic systems for tasks such as trajectory tracking and pose stabilization. However, their reliance on potentially untrusted training pipelines or supply chains introduces…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-06 Farbod Younesi , Walter Lucia , Amr Youssef

Personalized federated learning (PFL) creates client-specific models to handle data heterogeneity. Previously, PFL has been shown to be naturally resistant to backdoor attack propagation across clients. In this work, we reveal that PFL…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Nahom Birhan , Daniel Wesego , Dereje Shenkut , Frank Liu , Daniel Takabi

With the widespread use of deep neural networks (DNNs) in high-stake applications, the security problem of the DNN models has received extensive attention. In this paper, we investigate a specific security problem called trojan attack,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Ruixiang Tang , Mengnan Du , Ninghao Liu , Fan Yang , Xia Hu

Trojan attacks are sophisticated training-time attacks on neural networks that embed backdoor triggers which force the network to produce a specific output on any input which includes the trigger. With the increasing relevance of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xihe Gu , Greg Fields , Yaman Jandali , Tara Javidi , Farinaz Koushanfar

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been proven vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where hidden features (patterns) trained to a normal model, which is only activated by some specific input (called triggers), trick the model into producing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Shaofeng Li , Minhui Xue , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Haojin Zhu , Xinpeng Zhang

The success of deep learning has enabled advances in multimodal tasks that require non-trivial fusion of multiple input domains. Although multimodal models have shown potential in many problems, their increased complexity makes them more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Matthew Walmer , Karan Sikka , Indranil Sur , Abhinav Shrivastava , Susmit Jha

The success of deep neural networks (DNNs) in real-world applications has benefited from abundant pre-trained models. However, the backdoored pre-trained models can pose a significant trojan threat to the deployment of downstream DNNs.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Haibo Jin , Ruoxi Chen , Jinyin Chen , Haibin Zheng , Yang Zhang , Haohan Wang

In recent years, the security of AI systems has drawn increasing research attention, especially in the medical imaging realm. To develop a secure medical image analysis (MIA) system, it is a must to study possible backdoor attacks (BAs),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Yu Feng , Benteng Ma , Jing Zhang , Shanshan Zhao , Yong Xia , Dacheng Tao

A backdoor or Trojan attack is an important type of data poisoning attack against deep neural network (DNN) classifiers, wherein the training dataset is poisoned with a small number of samples that each possess the backdoor pattern (usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 H. Wang , S. Karami , O. Dia , H. Ritter , E. Emamjomeh-Zadeh , J. Chen , Z. Xiang , D. J. Miller , G. Kesidis

Backdoors and poisoning attacks are a major threat to the security of machine-learning and vision systems. Often, however, these attacks leave visible artifacts in the images that can be visually detected and weaken the efficacy of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Erwin Quiring , Konrad Rieck

Machine learning models that use deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. An adversary carrying out a backdoor attack embeds a predefined perturbation called a trigger into a small subset of input samples and trains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Arezoo Rajabi , Surudhi Asokraj , Fengqing Jiang , Luyao Niu , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Jim Ritcey , Radha Poovendran

Backdoor attack is a major threat to deep learning systems in safety-critical scenarios, which aims to trigger misbehavior of neural network models under attacker-controlled conditions. However, most backdoor attacks have to modify the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Yizhen Yuan , Rui Kong , Shenghao Xie , Yuanchun Li , Yunxin Liu

Time series classification (TSC) is a cornerstone of modern web applications, powering tasks such as financial data analysis, network traffic monitoring, and user behavior analysis. In recent years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have greatly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuanmin Huang , Mi Zhang , Zhaoxiang Wang , Wenxuan Li , Min Yang