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Deep Learning (DL) frameworks play a critical role in advancing artificial intelligence, and their rapid growth underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of software quality and maintainability. DL frameworks, like other…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Maram Assi , Safwat Hassan , Ying Zou

The reuse of code fragments by copying and pasting is widely practiced in software development and results in code clones. Cloning is considered an anti-pattern as it negatively affects program correctness and increases maintenance efforts.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Hannes Thaller , Rudolf Ramler , Josef Pichler , Alexander Egyed

As cyber attacks continue to increase in frequency and sophistication, detecting malware has become a critical task for maintaining the security of computer systems. Traditional signature-based methods of malware detection have limitations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Khatoon Mohammed

Code clones are similar code fragments that often arise from copy-and-paste programming. Neural networks can classify pairs of code fragments as clone/not-clone with high accuracy. However, finding clones in industrial-scale code needs a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Gul Aftab Ahmed , Muslim Chochlov , Abdul Razzaq , James Vincent Patten , Yuanhua Han , Guoxian Lu , Jim Buckley , David Gregg

We consider the well-known and important tasks of clone detection and information retrieval for source code. The most standard setup is to search clones inside the same language code snippets. But it is also useful to find code snippets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Anton Tikhonov , Nikita Sorokin , Dmitry Abulkhanov , Irina Piontkovskaya , Sergey Nikolenko , Valentin Malykh

Automatically detecting software vulnerabilities in source code is an important problem that has attracted much attention. In particular, deep learning-based vulnerability detectors, or DL-based detectors, are attractive because they do not…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Zhen Li , Jing Tang , Deqing Zou , Qian Chen , Shouhuai Xu , Chao Zhang , Yichen Li , Hai Jin

Recently, advances in deep learning have been observed in various fields, including computer vision, natural language processing, and cybersecurity. Machine learning (ML) has demonstrated its ability as a potential tool for anomaly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-31 D'Jeff Kanda Nkashama , Arian Soltani , Jean-Charles Verdier , Marc Frappier , Pierre-Martin Tardif , Froduald Kabanza

Despite a decade of active research, there is a marked lack in clone detectors that scale to very large repositories of source code, in particular for detecting near-miss clones where significant editing activities may take place in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-08-09 Hitesh Sajnani , Vaibhav Saini , Jeffrey Svajlenko , Chanchal K. Roy , Cristina V. Lopes

With the development of the open source community, the code is often copied, spread, and evolved in multiple software systems, which brings uncertainty and risk to the software system (e.g., bug propagation and copyright infringement).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Shihan Dou , Yueming Wu , Haoxiang Jia , Yuhao Zhou , Yan Liu , Yang Liu

Deep Learning (DL) models to analyze source code have shown immense promise during the past few years. More recently, self-supervised pre-training has gained traction for learning generic code representations valuable for many downstream SE…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yangruibo Ding , Saikat Chakraborty , Luca Buratti , Saurabh Pujar , Alessandro Morari , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Detecting code clones is relevant to software maintenance and code refactoring. This challenge still presents unresolved cases, mainly when structural similarity does not reflect functional equivalence, though recent code models show…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jorge Martinez-Gil

The practice of code reuse is crucial in software development for a faster and more efficient development lifecycle. In reality, however, code reuse practices lack proper control, resulting in issues such as vulnerability propagation and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Zhiwei Fu , Steven H. H. Ding , Furkan Alaca , Benjamin C. M. Fung , Philippe Charland

Successful cross-language clone detection could enable researchers and developers to create robust language migration tools, facilitate learning additional programming languages once one is mastered, and promote reuse of code snippets over…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-11 George Mathew , Chris Parnin , Kathryn T Stolee

Co-change candidates are the group of code fragments that require a change if any of these fragments experience a modification in a commit operation during software evolution. The cloned co-change candidates are a subset of the co-change…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Md Nadim , Manishankar Mondal , Chanchal K. Roy , Kevin Schneider

Code reuse is common in modern software development, but it can also spread vulnerabilities when developers unknowingly copy risky code. The code fragments that preserve the logic of known vulnerabilities are known as vulnerable code clones…

Software clones are often introduced when developers reuse code fragments to implement similar functionalities in the same or different software systems. Many high-performing clone detection tools today are based on deep learning techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Subroto Nag Pinku , Debajyoti Mondal , Chanchal K. Roy

Code clone detection plays a critical role in software maintenance and vulnerability analysis. Substantial methods have been proposed to detect code clones. However, they struggle to extract high-level program semantics directly from a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Changguo Jia , Yi Zhan , Tianqi Zhao , Hengzhi Ye , Minghui Zhou

This study aims to assess the performance of two advanced Large Language Models (LLMs), GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, in the task of code clone detection. The evaluation involves testing the models on a variety of code pairs of different clone types…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Zixian Zhang , Takfarinas Saber

Code clones can detrimentally impact software maintenance and manually detecting them in very large codebases is impractical. Additionally, automated approaches find detection of Type 3 and Type 4 (inexact) clones very challenging. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Muslim Chochlov , Gul Aftab Ahmed , James Vincent Patten , Guoxian Lu , Wei Hou , David Gregg , Jim Buckley

Digital systems find it challenging to keep up with cybersecurity threats. The daily emergence of more than 560,000 new malware strains poses significant hazards to the digital ecosystem. The traditional malware detection methods fail to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Abrar Fahim , Shamik Dey , Md. Nurul Absur , Md Kamrul Siam , Md. Tahmidul Huque , Jafreen Jafor Godhuli