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The spread of an epidemic disease and the population's collective behavioural response are deeply intertwined, influencing each other's evolution. Such a co-evolution typically has been overlooked in mathematical models, limiting their…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-10-24 Kathinka Frieswijk , Lorenzo Zino , Mengbin Ye , Alessandro Rizzo , Ming Cao

Evolution of disease in a large population is a function of the top-down policy measures from a centralized planner, as well as the self-interested decisions (to be socially active) of individual agents in a large heterogeneous population.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-07 S. Yagiz Olmez , Shubham Aggarwal , Jin Won Kim , Erik Miehling , Tamer Başar , Matthew West , Prashant G. Mehta

We introduce and study a model stemming from game theory for the spread of an epidemic throughout a given population. Each agent is allowed to choose an action whose value dictates to what extent they limit their social interactions, if at…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-03-20 Sayar Karmakar , Moumanti Podder , Souvik Roy , Soumyarup Sadhukhan

This paper introduces a microscopic approach to model epidemics, which can explicitly consider the consequences of individual's decisions on the spread of the disease. We first formulate a microscopic multi-agent epidemic model where every…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Changliu Liu

Mean-field game theory relies on approximating games that are intractable to model due to a very large to infinite population of players. While these kinds of games can be solved analytically via the associated system of partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Anna C. M. Thöni , Yoram Bachrach , Tal Kachman

We introduce a new type of Mean Field Game epidemiological models, in which subpopulations have different behavioral patterns: some are viewed as "highly rational" (choosing Nash-equilibrium long-term strategies) while others follow…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-24 Finnegan Buckley , Alexander Vladimirsky

The spontaneous behavioral changes of the agents during an epidemic can have significant effects on the delay and the prevalence of its spread. In this work, we study a social distancing game among the agents of a population, who determine…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-13 A. -R. Lagos , I. Kordonis , G. P. Papavassilopoulos

In this manuscript we present several possible ways of modeling human capital accumulation during the spread of a disease following an agent based approach, where agents behave maximizing their intertemporal utility. We assume that the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-09 Daria Ghilli , Cristiano Ricci , Giovanni Zanco

The spreading dynamics of an epidemic and the collective behavioral pattern of the population over which it spreads are deeply intertwined and the latter can critically shape the outcome of the former. Motivated by this, we design a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-08-25 Mengbin Ye , Lorenzo Zino , Alessandro Rizzo , Ming Cao

We investigate an SIR model of epidemic propagation on networks in the context of mean-field games. In a real epidemic, individuals adjust their behavior depending on the epidemic level and the impact it might have on them in the future.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-27 Louis Bremaud , Olivier Giraud , Denis Ullmo

This review presents and reviews various solved and open problems in developing, analyzing, and mitigating epidemic spreading processes under human decision-making. We provide a review of a range of epidemic models and explain the pros and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-10 Yunhan Huang , Quanyan Zhu

We initiate the analysis of the response of computer owners to various offers of defence systems against a cyber-hacker (for instance, a botnet attack), as a stochastic game of a large number of interacting agents. We introduce a simple…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-03 Vassili Kolokoltsov , Alain Bensoussan

Epidemiological models are an important tool in coping with epidemics, as they offer a forecast, even if often simplistic, of the behavior of the disease in the population. This allows responsible health agencies to organize themselves and…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-08-03 Eliza Maria Ferreira , Ricardo Edem Ferreira , Chiara Mocenni

We review research papers which use game theory to model the decision making of individuals during an epidemic, attempting to classify the literature and identify the emerging trends in this field. We show that the literature can be…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-02-13 Sheryl L. Chang , Mahendra Piraveenan , Philippa Pattison , Mikhail Prokopenko

Mean-field games have been studied under the assumption of very large number of players. For such large systems, the basic idea consists to approximate large games by a stylized game model with a continuum of players. The approach has been…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-08 Hamidou Tembine

We consider the spread of infectious diseases through a Mean Field Game version of a SIR compartmental model with social structure, in which individuals are grouped by their age class and interact together in different settings. In our game…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-12-14 Louis Bremaud , Denis Ullmo

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increasing interest in the modeling and analysis of infectious diseases. The pandemic has made a significant impact on the way we behave and interact in our daily life. The past year has witnessed…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Shutian Liu , Yuhan Zhao , Quanyan Zhu

A simple model of corruption that takes into account the effect of the interaction of a large number of agents by both rational decision making and myopic behavior is developed. Its stationary version turns out to be a rare example of an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-03 Vassili N. Kolokoltsov , Oleg A. Malafeyev

Motivated by models of epidemic control in large populations, we consider a Stackelberg mean field game model between a principal and a mean field of agents evolving on a finite state space. The agents play a non-cooperative game in which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-26 Alexander Aurell , Rene Carmona , Gokce Dayanikli , Mathieu Lauriere

We study discrete-time, finite-state mean-field games (MFGs) under model uncertainty, where agents face ambiguity about the state transition probabilities. Each agent maximizes its expected payoff against the worst-case transitions within…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Zongxia Liang , Zhou Zhou , Yaqi Zhuang , Bin Zou
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