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Python type annotations enable static type checking, but most code remains untyped because manual annotation is time-consuming and tedious. Past approaches to automatic type inference fall short: static methods struggle with dynamic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Juan Altmayer Pizzorno , Emery D. Berger

Gradually typed languages are designed to support both dynamically typed and statically typed programming styles while preserving the benefits of each. While existing gradual type soundness theorems for these languages aim to show that…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Max S. New , Daniel R. Licata , Amal Ahmed

Type soundness is an important property of modern programming languages. In this paper we explore the idea that "well-typed languages are sound": the idea that the appropriate typing discipline over language specifications guarantees that…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Matteo Cimini , Dale Miller , Jeremy G. Siek

A type system is introduced for a generic Object Oriented programming language in order to infer resource upper bounds. A sound andcomplete characterization of the set of polynomial time computable functions is obtained. As a consequence,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Emmanuel Hainry , Romain Péchoux

This article presents resource-guided synthesis, a technique for synthesizing recursive programs that satisfy both a functional specification and a symbolic resource bound. The technique is type-directed and rests upon a novel type system…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Tristan Knoth , Di Wang , Nadia Polikarpova , Jan Hoffmann

For many compiled languages, source-level types are erased very early in the compilation process. As a result, further compiler passes may convert type-safe source into type-unsafe machine code. Type-unsafe idioms in the original source and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Matthew Noonan , Alexey Loginov , David Cok

Gradual typing combines static and dynamic typing in the same program. One would hope that the performance in a gradually typed language would range between that of a dynamically typed language and a statically typed language. Existing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Andre Kuhlenschmidt , Deyaaeldeen Almahallawi , Jeremy G. Siek

Gradually-typed programming languages permit the incremental addition of static types to untyped programs. To remain sound, languages insert run-time checks at the boundaries between typed and untyped code. Unfortunately, performance…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Cameron Moy , Phúc C. Nguyen , Sam Tobin-Hochstadt , David Van Horn

This dissertation introduces executable refinement types, which refine structural types by semi-decidable predicates, and establishes their metatheory and accompanying implementation techniques. These results are useful for undecidable type…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-03-14 Kenneth Knowles

We present a gradually typed language, GrEff, with effects and handlers that supports migration from unchecked to checked effect typing. This serves as a simple model of the integration of an effect typing discipline with an existing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Max S. New , Eric Giovannini , Daniel R. Licata

Gradual dependent types can help with the incremental adoption of dependently typed code by providing a principled semantics for imprecise types and proofs, where some parts have been omitted. Current theories of gradual dependent types,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Joseph Eremondi , Ronald Garcia , Éric Tanter

Semantic typing has become a powerful tool for program verification, applying the technique of logical relations as not only a proof method, but also a device for prescribing program behavior. In recent work, Yao et al. scaled semantic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Tesla Zhang , Asher Kornfeld , Rui Li , Sonya Simkin , Yue Yao , Stephanie Balzer

Gradually typed programming languages, which allow for soundly mixing static and dynamically typed programming styles, present a strong challenge for metatheorists. Even the simplest sound gradually typed languages feature at least…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Eric Giovannini , Tingting Ding , Max S. New

A key challenge when statically typing so-called dynamic languages is the ubiquity of value-based overloading, where a given function can dynamically reflect upon and behave according to the types of its arguments. Thus, to establish basic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-05-01 Panagiotis Vekris , Benjamin Cosman , Ranjit Jhala

Graphs are a generalized concept that encompasses more complex data structures than trees, such as difference lists, doubly-linked lists, skip lists, and leaf-linked trees. Normally, these structures are handled with destructive assignments…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Jin Sano , Naoki Yamamoto , Kazunori Ueda

One of the aims of Implicit Computational Complexity is the design of programming languages with bounded computational complexity; indeed, guaranteeing and certifying a limited resources usage is of central importance for various aspects of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-10-24 Erika De Benedetti , Simona Ronchi Della Rocca

Computational efficiency has remained a critical consideration in scaling high-capacity language models, with inference latency and resource consumption presenting significant constraints on real-time applications. The study has introduced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Michael Mangrum , Jonathan Pemberton , Benedict Wetherby , Philip Montague

Recent years have seen growing interest in the retrofitting of type systems onto dynamically-typed programming languages, in order to improve type safety, programmer productivity, or performance. In such cases, type system developers must…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-05-05 Esben Andreasen , Colin S. Gordon , Satish Chandra , Manu Sridharan , Frank Tip , Koushik Sen

Python's dynamic type system, while offering significant flexibility and expressiveness, poses substantial challenges for static analysis and automated tooling, particularly in unannotated or partially annotated codebases. Existing type…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Ali Aman , Muhammad Asaduzzaman , Shaowei Wang

Gradually typed languages allow statically typed and dynamically typed code to interact while maintaining benefits of both styles. The key to reasoning about these mixed programs is Siek-Vitousek-Cimini-Boyland's (dynamic) gradual…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Max S. New , Amal Ahmed