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Reinforcement learning is a growing field in AI with a lot of potential. Intelligent behavior is learned automatically through trial and error in interaction with the environment. However, this learning process is often costly. Using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-08 Nico Meyer , Daniel D. Scherer , Axel Plinge , Christopher Mutschler , Michael J. Hartmann

Variational quantum algorithms are a leading candidate for early applications on noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. These algorithms depend on a classical optimization outer-loop that minimizes some function of a parameterized…

Knowledge gradient is a design principle for developing Bayesian sequential sampling policies to solve optimization problems. In this paper we consider the ranking and selection problem in the presence of covariates, where the best…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-17 Liang Ding , L. Jeff Hong , Haihui Shen , Xiaowei Zhang

Variational quantum algorithms rely on the optimization of parameterized quantum circuits in noisy settings. The commonly used back-propagation procedure in classical machine learning is not directly applicable in this setting due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Zhiyan Ding , Taehee Ko , Jiahao Yao , Lin Lin , Xiantao Li

Variational quantum compiling (VQC) algorithms aim to approximate deep quantum circuits with shallow parameterized ansatzes, making them more suitable for NISQ hardware. In this article a variant of VQC named the recursive variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Stian Bilek , Kristian Wold

Policy gradient (PG) methods are successful approaches to deal with continuous reinforcement learning (RL) problems. They learn stochastic parametric (hyper)policies by either exploring in the space of actions or in the space of parameters.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Alessandro Montenegro , Marco Mussi , Alberto Maria Metelli , Matteo Papini

Variational quantum algorithms are a class of techniques intended to be used on near-term quantum computers. The goal of these algorithms is to perform large quantum computations by breaking the problem down into a large number of shallow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-24 Ryan Shaffer , Lucas Kocia , Mohan Sarovar

Policy gradient methods are a powerful family of reinforcement learning algorithms for continuous control that optimize a policy directly. However, standard first-order methods often converge slowly. Second-order methods can accelerate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Amirreza Valaei , Arash Bahari Kordabad , Sadegh Soudjani

The variational quantum eigensolver is one of the most promising approaches for performing chemistry simulations using noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors. The efficiency of this algorithm depends crucially on the ability to…

Policy gradient (PG) methods are the backbone of many reinforcement learning algorithms due to their good performance in policy optimization problems. As a gradient-based approach, PG methods typically rely on knowledge of the system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Bowen Song , Andrea Iannelli

We present on-line policy gradient algorithms for computing the locally optimal policy of a constrained, average cost, finite state Markov Decision Process. The stochastic approximation algorithms require estimation of the gradient of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-12-18 Vikram Krishnamurthy , Felisa Vazquez Abad

Quantum unitary synthesis addresses the problem of translating abstract quantum algorithms into sequences of hardware-executable quantum gates. Solving this task exactly is infeasible in general due to the exponential growth of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Lukas Theißinger , Thore Gerlach , David Berghaus , Christian Bauckhage

Variational Quantum Algorithms have emerged as a leading paradigm for near-term quantum computation. In such algorithms, a parameterized quantum circuit is controlled via a classical optimization method that seeks to minimize a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Javier Rivera-Dean , Patrick Huembeli , Antonio Acín , Joseph Bowles

Policy gradient methods are very attractive in reinforcement learning due to their model-free nature and convergence guarantees. These methods, however, suffer from high variance in gradient estimation, resulting in poor sample efficiency.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Sergey Pankov

Quantum simulation has begun to penetrate the field of quantum chemistry in hopes of efficiently calculating ground state energies and approximating real-time evolution. With modern research highlighting nonadiabatic dynamics, tunably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Joshua M. Courtney , P. C. Stancil

We present a quantum variational algorithm based on a novel circuit that generates all permutations that can be spanned by one- and two-qubits permutation gates. The construction of the circuits follows from group-theoretical results, most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Dylan Laplace Mermoud , Andrea Simonetto , Sourour Elloumi

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

We explore a method for automatically recompiling a quantum circuit A into a target circuit B, with the goal that both circuits have the same action on a specific input i.e. B|in> = A|in>. This is of particular relevance to hybrid, NISQ-era…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 Tyson Jones , Simon C Benjamin

Exploring quantum applications of near-term quantum devices is a rapidly growing field of quantum information science with both theoretical and practical interests. A leading paradigm to establish such near-term quantum applications is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-16 Hao-Kai Zhang , Chengkai Zhu , Geng Liu , Xin Wang

Shortening quantum circuits is crucial to reducing the destructive effect of environmental decoherence and enabling useful algorithms. Here, we demonstrate an improvement in such compilation tasks via a combination of using hybrid…