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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and their message passing framework that leverages both structural and feature information, have become a standard method for solving graph-based machine learning problems. However, these approaches still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Simon Delarue , Thomas Bonald , Tiphaine Viard

With the widespread use of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for representation learning from network data, the fairness of GNN models has raised great attention lately. Fair GNNs aim to ensure that node representations can be accurately…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Guixian Zhang , Guan Yuan , Debo Cheng , Lin Liu , Jiuyong Li , Shichao Zhang

Graphs with heterophily have been regarded as challenging scenarios for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), where nodes are connected with dissimilar neighbors through various patterns. In this paper, we present theoretical understandings of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Junfu Wang , Yuanfang Guo , Liang Yang , Yunhong Wang

Graph heterophily, where connected nodes have different labels, has attracted significant interest recently. Most existing works adopt a simplified approach - using low-pass filters for homophilic graphs and high-pass filters for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shuaicheng Zhang , Haohui Wang , Junhong Lin , Xiaojie Guo , Yada Zhu , Si Zhang , Dongqi Fu , Dawei Zhou

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) excel in node classification tasks but often assume homophily, where connected nodes share similar labels. This assumption does not hold in many real-world heterophilic graphs. Existing models for heterophilic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yumeng Wang , Zengyi Wo , Wenjun Wang , Xingcheng Fu , Minglai Shao

Graph neural networks are emerging as continuation of deep learning success w.r.t. graph data. Tens of different graph neural network variants have been proposed, most following a neighborhood aggregation scheme, where the node features are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Dawei Leng , Jinjiang Guo , Lurong Pan , Jie Li , Xinyu Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as the de facto standard for modeling graph data, with attention mechanisms and transformers significantly enhancing their performance on graph-based tasks. Despite these advancements, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Nikhil Shivakumar Nayak

While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved enormous success in multiple graph analytical tasks, modern variants mostly rely on the strong inductive bias of homophily. However, real-world networks typically exhibit both homophilic and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Jingwei Guo , Kaizhu Huang , Rui Zhang , Xinping Yi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven to be highly effective for node classification tasks across diverse graph structural patterns. Traditionally, GNNs employ a uniform global filter, typically a low-pass filter for homophilic graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Haoyu Han , Juanhui Li , Wei Huang , Xianfeng Tang , Hanqing Lu , Chen Luo , Hui Liu , Jiliang Tang

Graphs are structured data that models complex relations between real-world entities. Heterophilic graphs, where linked nodes are prone to be with different labels or dissimilar features, have recently attracted significant attention and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Chenghua Gong , Yao Cheng , Jianxiang Yu , Can Xu , Caihua Shan , Siqiang Luo , Xiang Li

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated success in modeling relational data, especially for data that exhibits homophily: when a connection between nodes tends to imply that they belong to the same class. However, while this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Andreea Deac , Jian Tang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) extend basic Neural Networks (NNs) by additionally making use of graph structure based on the relational inductive bias (edge bias), rather than treating the nodes as collections of independent and identically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Sitao Luan , Chenqing Hua , Qincheng Lu , Jiaqi Zhu , Xiao-Wen Chang , Doina Precup

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a promising deep learning approach for circumventing many real-world problems on graph-structured data. However, these models usually have at least one of four fundamental limitations: over-smoothing,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Xun Liu , Alex Hay-Man Ng , Fangyuan Lei , Yikuan Zhang , Zhengmin Li

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a popular class of machine learning models whose major advantage is their ability to incorporate a sparse and discrete dependency structure between data points. Unfortunately, GNNs can only be used when such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Luca Franceschi , Mathias Niepert , Massimiliano Pontil , Xiao He

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) show strong expressive power on graph data mining, by aggregating information from neighbors and using the integrated representation in the downstream tasks. The same aggregation methods and parameters for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Xiaojun Ma , Qin Chen , Yuanyi Ren , Guojie Song , Liang Wang

In recommender systems, user-item interactions can be modeled as a bipartite graph, where user and item nodes are connected by undirected edges. This graph-based view has motivated the rapid adoption of graph neural networks (GNNs), which…

Community detection in graphs aims to cluster nodes into meaningful groups, a task particularly challenging in heterophilic graphs, where nodes sharing similarities and membership to the same community are typically distantly connected.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-08-21 William Leeney , Alessio Gravina , Davide Bacciu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success in node classification. Building on this progress, heterogeneous graph neural networks (HGNNs) integrate relation types and node and edge semantics to leverage heterogeneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Xiao Yang , Xuejiao Zhao , Zhiqi Shen

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in various graph problems. However, most GNNs are Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) based on the homophily assumption, where nodes with the same label are connected in graphs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Junjie Xu , Enyan Dai , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

We bridge two research directions on graph neural networks (GNNs), by formalizing the relation between heterophily of node labels (i.e., connected nodes tend to have dissimilar labels) and the robustness of GNNs to adversarial attacks. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Jiong Zhu , Junchen Jin , Donald Loveland , Michael T. Schaub , Danai Koutra