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Continual learning has been an active research area in machine learning, focusing on incrementally learning a sequence of tasks. A key challenge is catastrophic forgetting (CF), and most research efforts have been directed toward mitigating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Saleh Momeni , Bing Liu

Continual learning (CL) has emerged as a pivotal paradigm to enable large language models (LLMs) to dynamically adapt to evolving knowledge and sequential tasks while mitigating catastrophic forgetting-a critical limitation of the static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hongyang Chen , Zhongwu Sun , Hongfei Ye , Kunchi Li , Xuemin Lin

The intrinsic capability to continuously learn a changing data stream is a desideratum of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, current DNNs suffer from catastrophic forgetting, which interferes with remembering past knowledge. To mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nghia D. Nguyen , Hieu Trung Nguyen , Ang Li , Hoang Pham , Viet Anh Nguyen , Khoa D. Doan

Continual learning refers to the problem where the training data is available in sequential chunks, termed "tasks". The majority of progress in continual learning has been stunted by the problem of catastrophic forgetting, which is caused…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Rajas Chitale , Ankit Vaidya , Aditya Kane , Archana Ghotkar

Existing research on task incremental learning in continual learning has primarily focused on preventing catastrophic forgetting (CF). Although several techniques have achieved learning with no CF, they attain it by letting each task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Tatsuya Konishi , Mori Kurokawa , Chihiro Ono , Zixuan Ke , Gyuhak Kim , Bing Liu

The ability of artificial agents to increment their capabilities when confronted with new data is an open challenge in artificial intelligence. The main challenge faced in such cases is catastrophic forgetting, i.e., the tendency of neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Eden Belouadah , Adrian Popescu , Ioannis Kanellos

Addressing catastrophic forgetting is one of the key challenges in continual learning where machine learning systems are trained with sequential or streaming tasks. Despite recent remarkable progress in state-of-the-art deep learning, deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Xilai Li , Yingbo Zhou , Tianfu Wu , Richard Socher , Caiming Xiong

For the goal of strong artificial intelligence that can mimic human-level intelligence, AI systems would have the ability to adapt to ever-changing scenarios and learn new knowledge continuously without forgetting previously acquired…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Haozhen Situ , Tianxiang Lu , Minghua Pan , Lvzhou Li

In continual learning (CL), a learner is faced with a sequence of tasks, arriving one after the other, and the goal is to remember all the tasks once the continual learning experience is finished. The prior art in CL uses episodic memory,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Arslan Chaudhry , Naeemullah Khan , Puneet K. Dokania , Philip H. S. Torr

Catastrophic forgetting is a problem of neural networks that loses the information of the first task after training the second task. Here, we propose a method, i.e. incremental moment matching (IMM), to resolve this problem. IMM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Sang-Woo Lee , Jin-Hwa Kim , Jaehyun Jun , Jung-Woo Ha , Byoung-Tak Zhang

Online continual learning (online CL) studies the problem of learning sequential tasks from an online data stream without task boundaries, aiming to adapt to new data while alleviating catastrophic forgetting on the past tasks. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Zhen Wang , Liu Liu , Yajing Kong , Jiaxian Guo , Dacheng Tao

In the evolving landscape of Neural Machine Translation (NMT), the pretrain-then-finetune paradigm has yielded impressive results. However, the persistent challenge of Catastrophic Forgetting (CF) remains a hurdle. While previous work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Junhong Wu , Yuchen Liu , Chengqing Zong

Catastrophic forgetting is a significant challenge in continual learning, in which a model loses prior knowledge when it is fine-tuned on new tasks. This problem is particularly critical for large language models (LLMs) undergoing continual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ege Süalp , Mina Rezaei

Humans have a remarkable ability to quickly and effectively learn new concepts in a continuous manner without forgetting old knowledge. Though deep learning has made tremendous successes on various computer vision tasks, it faces challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Kun Wu , Chengxiang Yin , Jian Tang , Zhiyuan Xu , Yanzhi Wang , Dejun Yang

Deep Learning models have achieved remarkable performance in tasks such as image classification or generation, often surpassing human accuracy. However, they can struggle to learn new tasks and update their knowledge without access to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Everton L. Aleixo , Juan G. Colonna , Marco Cristo , Everlandio Fernandes

Catastrophic forgetting occurs when a neural network loses the information learned in a previous task after training on subsequent tasks. This problem remains a hurdle for artificial intelligence systems with sequential learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Joan Serrà , Dídac Surís , Marius Miron , Alexandros Karatzoglou

Catastrophic forgetting is a significant challenge in the field of machine learning, particularly in neural networks. When a neural network learns to perform well on a new task, it often forgets its previously acquired knowledge or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Nuri Korhan , Ceren Öner

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. As we progress toward an agentic world where LLM-based agents autonomously handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Naimul Haque

Model ensemble is an effective strategy in continual learning, which alleviates catastrophic forgetting by interpolating model parameters, achieving knowledge fusion learned from different tasks. However, existing model ensemble methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yuchuan Mao , Zhi Gao , Xiaomeng Fan , Yuwei Wu , Yunde Jia , Chenchen Jing

Foundation Models (FMs) have become the hallmark of modern AI, however, these models are trained on massive data, leading to financially expensive training. Updating FMs as new data becomes available is important, however, can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 James Seale Smith , Lazar Valkov , Shaunak Halbe , Vyshnavi Gutta , Rogerio Feris , Zsolt Kira , Leonid Karlinsky