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Photon detectors featuring single-photon sensitivity play a crucial role in various scientific domains, including high-energy physics, astronomy, and quantum optics. Fast response time, high quantum efficiency, and minimal dark counts are…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-06-27 Mohamed Boukhicha , Thomas Y. Tsang , Gabriele Giacomini , Amir M. Dabiran , Luca Cultrera

Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are characterized by a fast rise time (500 ps) and extremely good time resolution (down to 17 ps). The intrinsic low granularity of LGADs and the large power consumption of readout chips for precise…

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is undergoing an extensive Phase II upgrade program to prepare for the challenging conditions of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). A new timing layer is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-10-02 Irene Dutta

Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) technology has been used to design and construct prototypes of time-zero detector for experiments utilizing proton and pion beams with High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at GSI Darmstadt,…

We propose a joint TDC and multi-time-gated imaging single-photon avalanche diode LiDAR sensor featuring a maximum detection range of 108m with a minimum depth resolution (least significant bit) of 2.93mm, fabricated in 110nm CMOS…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-23 Chang Liu , Edoardo Charbon

AC-Coupled LGAD (AC-LGAD) is a new 4D detector developed based on the Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology, which can accurately measure the time and spatial information of particles. The Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP)…

3D time-of-flight (ToF) imaging is used in a variety of applications such as augmented reality (AR), computer interfaces, robotics and autonomous systems. Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are one of the enabling technologies providing…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-13 Germán Mora-Martín , Alex Turpin , Alice Ruget , Abderrahim Halimi , Robert Henderson , Jonathan Leach , Istvan Gyongy

The Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are promising particle detectors for timing resolution better than $50$ ps under a high radiation environment. This study investigates n-in-p LGAD architecture, focusing on ultra-thin sensors of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-01-26 Jaideep Kalani , Saptarshi Datta , Ganesh J Tambve , Prabhakar Palni

Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) is the baseline sensing technology of the recently proposed Minimum Ionizing Particle (MIP) end-cap timing detectors (MTD) at the Atlas and CMS experiments. The current MTD sensor is designed as a…

We present a readout chip prototype for future pixel detectors with timing capabilities. The prototype is intended for characterizing 4D pixel arrays with a pixel size of $100\times100~\mu \text{m}^2$, where the sensors are Low Gain…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-02-15 Matias Senger , Lea Caminada , Benjamin Kilminster , Anna Macchiolo , Beat Meier , Stephan Wiederkehr

We demonstrate a low noise short wavelength infrared (SWIR) Sb based type II superlattice (T2SL) avalanche photodiodes (APD). The SWIR GaSb/(AlAsSb/GaSb) APD structure was designed based on impact ionization engineering and grown by…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-04-02 Arash Dehzangi , Jiakai Li , Manijeh Razeghi

The paper reports on the timing resolution achieved with Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs), optimised for extreme-fluence conditions, at the DESY Test Beam Facility using 4~GeV/c electrons. The LGADs adopt an $n$-in-$p$ technology with a…

We present a novel structured light technique that uses Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) arrays to enable 3D scanning at high-frame rates and low-light levels. This technique, called "Single-Photon Structured Light", works by sensing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Varun Sundar , Sizhuo Ma , Aswin C. Sankaranarayanan , Mohit Gupta

START, a high-efficiency and low-noise scintillation detector for ionizing particles, was developed for the purpose of creating a high-granular system for triggering cosmic muons. Scintillation light in START is detected by MRS APDs…

We present a detailed study of an 8-channel $1\times1$ mm$^{2}$ WSi superconducting microwire single photon detector (SMSPD) array exposed to 120 GeV hadron beam and 120 GeV muon beam at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron H6 beamline.…

Gated quenched SPAD detectors are widely used in quantum communication and quantum computing setups employing high-repetition-rate lasers. Here, we present a novel scheme for high-repetition-rate (100 MHz) sine-wave gated SPADs, based on…

This contribution reports on characterisation results of a large-area (2$~\mathrm{cm}^2$) small pitch (55$~\mu$m) inverse Low-Gain Avalanche Detector (iLGAD), bonded to a Timepix3 readout chip. The ilGAD sensors were produced by Micron…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-01-09 Peter Svihra , Richard Bates , Justus Braach , Eric Buschmann , Dominik Dannheim , Dima Maneuski , Neil Moffat , Younes Otarid

The silicon pixel detector (SPD) of the ALICE experiment in preparation at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is designed to provide the precise vertex reconstruction needed for measuring heavy flavor production in heavy ion collisions…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2012-07-07 Jan Conrad

Single-photon detectors (SPDs) are crucial in applications ranging from space, biological imaging to quantum communication and information processing. The SPDs that operate at room temperature are of particular interest to broader…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Nithin Abraham , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Kausik Majumdar