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Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach. However, success is limited to real-world applications, because ensuring safe exploration and facilitating adequate exploitation is a challenge for controlling robotic systems with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Mingyu Cai , Cristian-Ioan Vasile

Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) have become powerful tools for ensuring safety in nonlinear systems. However, finding valid CBFs that guarantee persistent safety and feasibility remains an open challenge, especially in systems with input…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Taekyung Kim , Robin Inho Kee , Dimitra Panagou

Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) have been used to enforce safety and task specifications expressed in Signal Temporal Logic (STL). However, existing CBF-STL approaches typically rely on fixed hyperparameters and per-step optimization,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-29 Wenliang Liu , Shuo Liu , Wei Xiao , Calin A. Belta

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn policies that satisfy certain constraints before deploying them to safety-critical applications. Previous primal-dual style approaches suffer from instability issues and lack optimality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Zuxin Liu , Zhepeng Cen , Vladislav Isenbaev , Wei Liu , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

Ensuring safety in real-world robotic systems is often challenging due to unmodeled disturbances and noisy sensor measurements. To account for such stochastic uncertainties, many robotic systems leverage probabilistic state estimators such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Matti Vahs , Christian Pek , Jana Tumova

This paper presents a learning from demonstration approach to programming safe, autonomous behaviors for uncommon driving scenarios. Simulation is used to re-create a targeted driving situation, one containing a road-side hazard creating a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Priyam Parashar , Akansel Cosgun , Alireza Nakhaei , Kikuo Fujimura

Reinforcement learning (RL) is promising for complicated stochastic nonlinear control problems. Without using a mathematical model, an optimal controller can be learned from data evaluated by certain performance criteria through…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-16 Minghao Han , Yuan Tian , Lixian Zhang , Jun Wang , Wei Pan

Robots operating in real world settings must navigate and maintain safety while interacting with many heterogeneous agents and obstacles. Multi-Agent Control Barrier Functions (CBF) have emerged as a computationally efficient tool to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Richard Cheng , Mohammad Javad Khojasteh , Aaron D. Ames , Joel W. Burdick

Obstacle avoidance is central to safe navigation, especially for robots with arbitrary and nonconvex geometries operating in cluttered environments. Existing Control Barrier Function (CBF) approaches often rely on analytic clearance…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Shuo Liu , Zhe Huang , Calin A. Belta

We examine robust output feedback control of discrete-time nonlinear systems with bounded uncertainties affecting the dynamics and measurements. Specifically, we demonstrate how to construct semi-infinite programs that produce gains to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-16 Jad Wehbeh , Eric C. Kerrigan

Barrier functions (BFs) characterize safe sets of dynamical systems, where hard constraints are never violated as the system evolves over time. Computing a valid safe set and BF for a nonlinear (and potentially unmodeled), non-autonomous…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-26 Amy K. Strong , Ali Kashani , Claus Danielson , Leila Bridgeman

Ensuring safety under unknown and stochastic dynamics remains a significant challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). In this paper, we propose a model predictive control (MPC)-based safe RL framework, called Probabilistic Ensembles with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Ali Umut Kaypak , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Farshad Khorrami

This paper addresses the problem of safety-critical control for non-affine control systems. It has been shown that optimizing quadratic costs subject to state and control constraints can be sub-optimally reduced to a sequence of quadratic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-15 Wei Xiao , Ross Allen , Daniela Rus

Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) aim to ensure safety by constraining the control input at each time step so that the system state remains within a desired safe region. This paper presents a framework for CBFs in stochastic systems in the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-20 Andrew Clark

This paper studies the efficient implementation of safety filters that are designed using control barrier functions (CBFs), which minimally modify a nominal controller to render it safe with respect to a prescribed set of states. Although…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Pol Mestres , Shima Sadat Mousavi , Pio Ong , Lizhi Yang , Ersin Das , Joel W. Burdick , Aaron D. Ames

This paper considers enforcing safety and stability of dynamical systems in the presence of model uncertainty. Safety and stability constraints may be specified using a control barrier function (CBF) and a control Lyapunov function (CLF),…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-17 Kehan Long , Yinzhuang Yi , Jorge Cortes , Nikolay Atanasov

This paper proposes a unified control framework based on Response-Aware Risk-Constrained Control Barrier Function for dynamic safety boundary control of vehicles. Addressing the problem of physical model parameter mismatch, the framework…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Qijun Liao , Jue Yang

Control certificates based on barrier functions have been a powerful tool to generate probably safe control policies for dynamical systems. However, existing methods based on barrier certificates are normally for white-box systems with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Zengyi Qin , Dawei Sun , Chuchu Fan

Reinforcement learning is a powerful paradigm for learning optimal policies from experimental data. However, to find optimal policies, most reinforcement learning algorithms explore all possible actions, which may be harmful for real-world…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-15 Felix Berkenkamp , Matteo Turchetta , Angela P. Schoellig , Andreas Krause

Safety is one of the most crucial challenges of autonomous driving vehicles, and one solution to guarantee safety is to employ an additional control revision module after the planning backbone. Control Barrier Function (CBF) has been widely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zehang Zhu , Yuning Wang , Tianqi Ke , Zeyu Han , Shaobing Xu , Qing Xu , John M. Dolan , Jianqiang Wang