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The variational quantum algorithm (VQA) with a parametrized quantum circuit is widely applicable to near-term quantum computing, but its fundamental issues that limit optimization performance have been reported in the literature. For…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm can naturally be applied to combinatorial search problems on graphs. The quantum circuit has p applications of a unitary operator that respects the locality of the graph. On a graph with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-21 Edward Farhi , David Gamarnik , Sam Gutmann

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), which is a variational quantum algorithm, aims to give sub-optimal solutions of combinatorial optimization problems. It is widely believed that QAOA has the potential to demonstrate…

Ising machines are next-generation computers expected to efficiently sample near-optimal solutions of combinatorial optimization problems. Combinatorial optimization problems are modeled as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Kentaro Ohno , Nozomu Togawa

Combinatorial optimization problems are typically formulated using Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO), where constraints are enforced through penalty terms that introduce auxiliary variables and rapidly increase Hamiltonian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Shashank Sanjay Bhat , Peiyong Wang , Joseph West , Udaya Parampalli

Routing in wireless communication networks is shaped by mobility, interference, congestion, and competing service requirements, making route selection a high-dimensional constrained optimization problem rather than a simple shortest-path…

We investigate a link between Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems, laying the groundwork for GNNs to approximate solutions for these computationally challenging tasks. By analyzing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Moshe Eliasof , Eldad Haber

We present the meta-VQE, an algorithm capable to learn the ground state energy profile of a parametrized Hamiltonian. By training the meta-VQE with a few data points, it delivers an initial circuit parametrization that can be used to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-01 Alba Cervera-Lierta , Jakob S. Kottmann , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

The Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising candidates for achieving quantum advantage through quantum-enhanced combinatorial optimization. In a typical QAOA setup, a set of quantum circuit parameters…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-15 Alexey Galda , Xiaoyuan Liu , Danylo Lykov , Yuri Alexeev , Ilya Safro

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a near-term quantum algorithm aimed at solving combinatorial optimization problems. Since its introduction, various generalizations have emerged, spanning modifications to the initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-18 Truman Yu Ng , Jin Ming Koh , Dax Enshan Koh

The promise of quantum computing to address complex problems requiring high computational resources has long been hindered by the intrinsic and demanding requirements of quantum hardware development. Nonetheless, the current state of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-10 Daniel F Perez-Ramirez

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has numerous promising applications in solving the combinatorial optimization problems on near-term Noisy Intermediate Scalable Quantum (NISQ) devices. QAOA has a quantum-classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-17 Xinwei Lee , Yoshiyuki Saito , Dongsheng Cai , Nobuyoshi Asai

From the perspective of global warming, efficiency improvement of power grids is a pressing issue. Power grids have many switching devices to control the flow of electricity. Since there is a slight resistance in the wires and power…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-16 Masaya Takahashi , Hiroaki Nishioka , Masahiro Hirai , Hidetaka Takano

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) addresses combinatorial optimization challenges by converting inputs to graphs. However, the optimal parameter searching process of QAOA is greatly affected by noise. Larger problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Meng Wang , Bo Fang , Ang Li , Prashant Nair

Graph partitioning has many applications in powersystems from decentralized state estimation to parallel simulation. Focusing on parallel simulation, optimal grid partitioning minimizes the idle time caused by different simulation times for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-14 Carsten Hartmann , Junjie Zhang , Carlos D. Gonzalez Calaza , Thiemo Pesch , Kristel Michielsen , Andrea Benigni

Quantum enhanced optimization of classical cost functions is a central theme of quantum computing due to its high potential value in science and technology. The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) and the quantum approximate optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 Giuseppe Scriva , Nikita Astrakhantsev , Sebastiano Pilati , Guglielmo Mazzola

The graph isomorphism problem remains a fundamental challenge in computer science, driving the search for efficient decision algorithms. Due to its ambiguous computational complexity, heuristic approaches such as simulated annealing are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-06 Yukun Wang , Yingtong Shen , Zhichao Zhang , Linchun Wan

Spectral graph theory is a branch of mathematics that studies the relationships between the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of Laplacian and adjacency matrices and their associated graphs. The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-01 Josh Payne , Mario Srouji

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) is a standard NP-hard optimization problem. Recently, it has gained renewed interest through quantum computing, as QUBOs directly reduce to the Ising model, on which quantum annealing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Katalin Friedl , Levente Gegő , László Kabódi , Viktória Nemkin

The performance of shallow-depth quantum optimization algorithms is known to depend strongly on problem structure, yet the role of real-world network topology remains poorly understood. In this work, we study how urban graph structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Shumaila Ashfaq , Abdul Sami Rao , Roha Ghazanfar Khan
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