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We present a practical and highly secure method for the authentication of chips based on a new concept for implementing strong Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). Its qualitatively novel feature is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-10-14 Alexander Spenke , Ralph Breithaupt , Rainer Plaga

In this work the novel usage of a physically unclonable function composed of a network of Mach-Zehnder interferometers for authentication tasks is described. The physically unclonable function hardware is completely reconfigurable, allowing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-21 H S. Jacinto , A. Matthew Smith

This paper provides a proof of concept for using SRAM based Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) to generate private keys for IoT devices. PUFs are utilized, as there is inadequate protection for secret keys stored in the memory of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Ashwija Reddy Korenda , Fatemeh Afghah , Bertrand Cambou , Christopher Philabaum

As modern cyber systems scale to include large populations of heterogeneous IoT devices, securing them against impersonation and forgery is a critical cybersecurity challenge. Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) offer a lightweight,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xin Wang , Peichun Hua , Chip Hong Chang , Wenye Liu , Yue Zheng

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) are designed to act as device 'fingerprints.' Given an input challenge, the PUF circuit should produce an unpredictable response for use in situations such as root-of-trust applications and other…

Counterfeit products pose significant risks to public health and safety through infiltrating untrusted supply chains. Among numerous anti-counterfeiting techniques, leveraging inherent, unclonable microscopic irregularities of paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Anirudh Nakra , Nayeeb Rashid , Chau-Wai Wong , Min Wu

The characteristic novelty of what is generally meant by a "physical unclonable function" (PUF) is precisely defined, in order to supply a firm basis for security evaluations and the proposal of new security mechanisms. A PUF is defined as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-04-05 Rainer Plaga , Frank Koob

A new definition of "Physical Unclonable Functions" (PUFs), the first one that fully captures its intuitive idea among experts, is presented. A PUF is an information-storage system with a security mechanism that is 1. meant to impede the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-27 Rainer Plaga , Dominik Merli

We propose a theoretical framework to quantitatively describe Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), including extensions to quantum protocols, so-called Quantum Readout PUFs (QR-PUFs). (QR-) PUFs are physical systems with challenge-response…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-08 Giulio Gianfelici , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Error correction is an indispensable component when Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are used in cryptographic applications. So far, there exist schemes that obtain helper data, which they need within the error correction process. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Sven Müelich , Martin Bossert

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs), as hardware security primitives, exploit manufacturing randomness to extract hardware instance-specific secrets. One of most popular structures is time-delay based Arbiter PUF attributing to large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Yansong Gao , Said F. Al-Sarawi , Derek Abbott , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Damith C. Ranasinghe

During the last years, Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have become a very important research area in the field of hardware security due to their capability of generating volatile secret keys as well as providing a low-cost…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-15 M. Garcia-Bosque , G. Díez-Señorans , C. Sánchez-Azqueta , S. Celma

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) exploit variations in the manufacturing process to derive bit sequences from integrated circuits, which can be used as secure cryptographic keys. Instead of storing the keys in an insecure, non-volatile…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-11 Sven Müelich , Sven Puchinger , Martin Bossert

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) enable physical tamper protection for high-assurance devices without needing a continuous power supply that is active over the entire lifetime of the device. Several methods for PUF-based tamper…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Georg Maringer , Matthias Hiller

Noisy measurements of a physical unclonable function (PUF) are used to store secret keys with reliability, security, privacy, and complexity constraints. A new set of low-complexity and orthogonal transforms with no multiplication is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Onur Günlü , Rafael F. Schaefer

In many Industry Internet of Things (IIoT) applications, resources like CPU, memory, and battery power are limited and cannot afford the classic cryptographic security solutions. Silicon Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is a lightweight…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Jiliang Zhang , Gang Qu

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are relatively new security primitives used for device authentication and device-specific secret key generation. In this paper we focus on SRAM-PUFs. The SRAM-PUFs enjoy uniqueness and randomness…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-03 Bin Chen , Tanya Ignatenko , Frans M. J. Willems , Roel Maes , Erik van der Sluis , Georgios Selimis

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) identify integrated circuits using nonlinearly-related challenge-response pairs (CRPs). Ideally, the relationship between challenges and corresponding responses is unpredictable, even if a subset of…

Mobile and embedded devices are becoming inevitable parts of our daily routine. Similar to other electronic devices such as read access memory (RAM) and storage, mobile devices require to authenticate and to be authenticated in a secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Alireza Shamsoshoara

A physical unclonable function (PUF) utilizes the unclonable random variations in a device's responses to a set of inputs to produce a unique "biometric" that can be used for authentication. The variations are caused by unpredictable,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Jacob Huber , Supriyo Bandyopadhyay