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The orbits of giant extrasolar planets often have surprisingly small semi-major axes, large eccentricities, or severe misalignments between their normals and their host stars' spin axes. In some formation scenarios invoking Kozai-Lidov…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Rebekah Dawson , Eugene Chiang

Radial velocity surveys find Jupiter mass planets with semi-major axes a less than 0.1 AU around ~1% of solar-type stars; counting planets with $a$ as large as 5 AU, the fraction of stars having planets reaches ~ 10% {Marcy,Butler}. An…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yanqin Wu , Norman W. Murray , J. Michael Ramsahai

We study the possibility that hot Jupiters are formed through the secular gravitational interactions between two planets in eccentric orbits with relatively low mutual inclinations ($\lesssim20^\circ$) and friction due to tides raised on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-17 Cristobal Petrovich

Warm Jupiters are close-in giant planets with relatively large planet-star separations (i.e., $10< a/R_\star <100$). Given their weak tidal interactions with their host stars, measurements of stellar obliquity may be used to probe the…

While the population of confirmed exoplanets continues to grow, the sample of confirmed transiting planets around evolved stars is still limited. We present the discovery and confirmation of a hot Jupiter orbiting TOI-2184 (TIC 176956893),…

Hot Jupiters (HJs) are usually defined as giant Jovian-size planets with orbital periods $P \le 10$ days. Although they lie close to the star, several have finite eccentricities and significant misalignment angle with respect to the stellar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-04-16 J. G. Martí , C. Beaugé

The origin of Jupiter-mass planets with orbital periods of only a few days is still uncertain. It is widely believed that these planets formed near the water-ice line of the protoplanetary disk, and subsequently migrated into much smaller…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-06 Kevin C. Schlaufman , Joshua N. Winn

Hot Jupiters (HJs) are short-period giant planets that are observed around ~ 1% of solar-type field stars. One possible formation scenario for HJs is high-eccentricity (high-e) migration, in which the planet forms at much larger radii, is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-13 Adrian S. Hamers , Scott Tremaine

We propose a stringent observational test on the formation of warm Jupiters (gas-giant planets with 10 d <~ P <~ 100 d) by high-eccentricity (high-e) migration mechanisms. Unlike hot Jupiters, the majority of observed warm Jupiters have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-12-25 Subo Dong , Boaz Katz , Aristotle Socrates

We measure the mass of a modestly irradiated giant planet, KOI-94d. We wish to determine whether this planet, which is in a 22-day orbit and receives 2700 times as much incident flux as Jupiter, is as dense as Jupiter or rarefied like…

Hot Jupiters (HJs) are $2-3\times$ less common around early M dwarfs than around AFGK stars, suggesting that HJs may form and/or migrate via distinct pathways around different types of stars. One source of insight into HJ formation…

Warm, large exoplanets with 10-100 day orbital periods pose a major challenge to our understanding of how planetary systems form and evolve. Although high eccentricity tidal migration has been invoked to explain their proximity to their…

A significant fraction of hot Jupiters have orbital axes misaligned with their host stars' spin axes. The large stellar obliquities of these giants have long been considered potential signatures of high-eccentricity migration, which is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-06 Brandon Thomas Radzom , Jiayin Dong , Malena Rice , Xian-Yu Wang , Kyle Hixenbaugh , George Zhou , Chelsea X. Huang , Songhu Wang

Warm jupiters are an unexpected population of extrasolar planets that are too near to their host to have formed in situ, but distant enough to retain a significant eccentricity in the face of tidal damping. These planets are curiously…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-23 Shane Frewen , Brad Hansen

Warm giant planets with orbital periods of tens of days exhibit a positive correlation between mass and eccentricity. We interpret this trend as the outcome of planet-planet scattering, representing a transition from collision-dominated…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-25 Jiayin Dong , Eve J. Lee , Eiichiro Kokubo , Ruth Murray-Clay , Arvind Gupta

Many warm Jupiters (WJs) have substantial eccentricities, which are linked to their formation and migration histories. This paper explores eccentricity excitation of WJs due to planet-planet scattering, beginning with 3-4 planets in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Kassandra R. Anderson , Dong Lai , Bonan Pu

Observations of exoplanets over the last two decades have revealed a new class of Jupiter-size planets with orbital periods of a few days, the so-called "hot Jupiters". Recent measurements using the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect have shown…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Jean Teyssandier , Smadar Naoz , Ian M. Lizarraga , Frederic A. Rasio

Warm Jupiters-giant exoplanets with orbital periods between 10 and 200 days-exhibit a broad range of eccentricities and are often accompanied by nearby low-mass planets. Understanding the origins of their orbital architectures requires…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-13 Ying He , Dong-Hong Wu , Sheng Jin