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We propose and demonstrate a fully passive discrete-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), which can eliminate all modulator side channels on the source side, using a local local oscillator (LLO). The CV-QKD system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Yu Zhang , Xuyang Wang , Chenyang Li , Jie Yun , Qiang Zeng , Zhiliang Yuan , Zhenguo Lu , Yongmin Li

The shot-noise unit in continuous-variable quantum key distribution plays an important and fundamental role in experimental implementation as it is used as a normalization parameter that contribute to perform security analysis and distill…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-25 Yi-Chen Zhang , Yundi Huang , Ziyang Chen , Zhengyu Li , Song Yu , Hong Guo

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) leverages nonlocal correlations to establish cryptographic keys between two honest parties while making minimal assumptions about the underlying systems. The security of DI-QKD is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Pritam Roy , Souradeep Sasmal , Subhankar Bera , Shashank Gupta , Arup Roy , A. S. Majumdar

Quantum key distribution (QKD) utilizes the laws of quantum mechanics to achieve information-theoretically secure key generation. This field is now approaching the stage of commercialization, but many practical QKD systems still suffer from…

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) and its variants can overcome the fundamental rate-distance limit of QKD which has been demonstrated in the laboratory and field while their physical implementations with side channels remains to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Yi-Fei Lu , Mu-Sheng Jiang , Yang Wang , Xiao-Xu Zhang , Fan Liu , Chun Zhou , Hong-Wei Li , Wan-Su Bao

Counterfactual quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two parties to share a secret key using an interaction-free measurement. Here, we point out that the efficiency of counterfactual QKD protocols can be enhanced by including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Vinod N. Rao , R. Srikanth

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol has been proved to provide unconditionally secure key between two remote legitimate users in theory. Key distribution signals are transmitted in a quantum channel which is established by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Yang-Yang Fei , Xiang-Dong Meng , Ming Gao , Hong Wang , Zhi Ma

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two users to communicate with theoretically provable secrecy by encoding information on photonic qubits. Current encoders are complex, however, which reduces their appeal for practical use and…

In Local-local Oscillator (LLO) based Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CV-QKD), the phase reference of the transmitter and receiver, Alice and Bob, are naturally de-correlated due to their use of individual lasers. A phase…

The decoy-state method in quantum key distribution (QKD) is a popular technique to approximately achieve the performance of ideal single-photon sources by means of simpler and practical laser sources. In high-speed decoy-state QKD systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Víctor Zapatero , Álvaro Navarrete , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Marcos Curty

In this paper, we discuss the security of the differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution (DPSQKD) protocol by introducing an improved version of the so-called sequential attack, which was originally discussed by Waks et al. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-25 Toyohiro Tsurumaru

This paper proposes a multi-mode Gaussian modulated continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) scheme able to operate at high bandwidth despite using conventional noisy, coherent detectors. We demonstrate enhancement in shotnoise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Rupesh Kumar , Xinke Tang , Adrian Wonfor , Richard Penty , Ian White

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two distant parties to share secret keys with the proven security even in the presence of an eavesdropper with unbounded computational power. Recently, GHz-clock decoy QKD systems have been realized by…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides means for unconditional secure key transmission between two distant parties. However, in practical implementations, it suffers from quantum hacking due to device imperfections. Here we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-16 Shi-Hai Sun , Mu-Sheng Jiang , Xiang-Chun Ma , Chun-Yan Li , Lin-Mei Liang

Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CV-QKD) relies on accurate noise calibration at the receiver to ensure the security of quantum communication. Traditional calibration methods often oversimplify noise characteristics, neglecting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Guillaume Ricard , Yves Jaouën , Romain Alléaume

We identify and study a new security loophole in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) implementations, related to the imperfect linearity of the homodyne detector. By exploiting this loophole, we propose an active…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-20 Hao Qin , Rupesh Kumar , Romain Alléaume

Intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) optical key distribution (OKD) is a method to generate a secret key whose security against passive eavesdropping is guaranteed by the shot noise inherent to the photodetection process. Here the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-19 M. Jarzyna , M. Jachura , K. Banaszek

Research on optimal eavesdropping models under practical conditions will help to evaluate realistic risk when employing quantum key distribution (QKD) system for secure information transmission. Intuitively, fiber loss will lead to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-01 Sheng Liu , Lu Fan , Zhengyu Li , Qiang Zhou , Yunbo Li , Dong Wang , Dechao Zhang , Yichen Zhang , Han Li

The ability of an eavesdropper (Eve) to perform an intercept-resend attack on a free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) receiver by precisely controlling the incidence angle of an attack laser has been previously demonstrated. However,…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) seeks to provide a method of generating cryptographically-secure keys between remote parties while guaranteeing unconditional security. Implementations of high-dimensional QKD using dispersive-optics (DO-QKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Ariel Shlosberg , Alex Kwiatkowski , Akira Kyle , Graeme Smith
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