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We show that partially trusting the phase noise associated with estimation uncertainty in a LLO CVQKD system allows one to exchange higher secure key rates than in the case of untrusted phase noise. However, this opens a security loophole…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-11 Shengjun Ren , Rupesh Kumar , Adrian Wonfor , Xinke Tang , Richard Penty , Ian White

The value of residual phase noise, after phase compensation, is one of the key limitations of performance improvement for continuous-variable quantum key distribution using a local local oscillator (LLO CV-QKD) system, since it is the major…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Yun Shao , Heng Wang , Yaodi Pi , Wei Huang , Yang Li , Jinlu Liu , Jie Yang , Yichen Zhang , Bingjie Xu

Establishing an information-theoretic secret key between two parties using a quantum key distribution (QKD) system is only possible when an accurate characterization of the quantum channel and proper device calibration routines are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Paul Jouguet , Sébastien Kunz-Jacques , Eleni Diamanti

We introduce a new continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocol, self-referenced CV-QKD, that eliminates the need for transmission of a high-power local oscillator between the communicating parties. In this protocol, each…

Generating "locally" the local oscillator is a fundamental requirement for continous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), both for performance and security reasons. As a consequence, next-generation CV- QKD systems will have to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-25 Adrien Marie , Romain Alléaume

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) offers information-theoretic secure key sharing between two parties. The sharing of a phase reference frame is an essential requirement for coherent detection in CV-QKD. Due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Sebastian Kish , Eduardo Villaseñor , Robert Malaney , Kerry Mudge , Kenneth Grant

In a practical continuous-variable quantum-key distribution (CVQKD), the fluctuations of the local oscillator (LO) not only make the normalization of Bob's measurement outcomes difficult, but also can change the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-12 Xiang-Chun Ma , Shi-Hai Sun , Mu-Sheng Jiang , Ming Gui , Yan-Li Zhou , Lin-Mei Liang

The security proof of continuous variable quantum key distribution(CV QKD) based on two assumptions that the eavesdropper can neither act on the local oscillator nor control Bob's beam splitter. These assumptions maybe invalid in practice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-14 Jing-Zheng Huang , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Shuang Wang , Hong-Wei Li , Wei Chen , Guan-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

The local oscillator in practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution system fluctuates at any time during the key distribution process, which may open security loopholes for the eavesdropper to hide her eavesdropping behaviors.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-02 Lu Fan , Yiming Bian , Mingze Wu , Yichen Zhang , Song Yu

An eavesdropper Eve may probe a quantum key distribution (QKD) system by sending a bright pulse from the quantum channel into the system and analyzing the back-reflected pulses. Such Trojan-horse attacks can breach the security of the QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-22 Nitin Jain , Birgit Stiller , Imran Khan , Vadim Makarov , Christoph Marquardt , Gerd Leuchs

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) using optical coherent detectors is practically favorable due to its low implementation cost, flexibility of wavelength division multiplexing, and compatibility with standard coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Anran Jin , Xingjian Zhang , Liang Jiang , Richard V. Penty , Pei Zeng

In continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) systems, using a local local oscillator (LLO) scheme removes the local oscillator side channel, enhances Bob's detection performance and reduces the excess noise caused by photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Yi Zheng , Jiarui Wu , Chenlei Fang , Qingbing Ji , Wei Pan , Haobin Shi

In this work, we study the security of coherent-state quantum key distribution with a strong reference pulse. The consideration is based on a powerful soft filtering attack and uses realistic parameters of the equipment. Our model allows us…

Intensity correlations between neighboring pulses open a prevalent yet often overlooked security loophole in decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD). As a solution, we present and experimentally demonstrate an…

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) is severely threatened by discrepancies between realistic devices and theoretical assumptions. Recently, a significant framework called the reference technique was proposed to provide security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Jie Gu , Xiao-Yu Cao , Yao Fu , Zong-Wu He , Ze-Jie Yin , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

The noise in optical source needs to be characterized for the security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). Two feasible schemes, based on either active optical switch or passive beamsplitter are proposed to monitor the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Jian Yang , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

Discrete-variable (DV) quantum key distribution (QKD) based on single-photon detectors and sources have been successfully deployed for long-range secure key distribution. On the other hand, continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-24 Sebastian P. Kish , Patrick J. Gleeson , Angus Walsh , Ping Koy Lam , Syed M. Assad

In this paper, we investigate limitations imposed by sequential attacks on the performance of a differential-phase-shift (DPS) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol with weak coherent pulses. Specifically, we analyze a sequential attack…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-12 Hipolito Gomez-Sousa , Marcos Curty

Phase reference calibration is a necessary procedure in practical continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) for the need of Bell-State Measurement (BSM). However, the phase reference…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-27 Hong-Xin Ma , Peng Huang , Tao Wang , Dong-Yun Bai , Shi-Yu Wang , Wan-Su Bao , Gui-Hua Zeng

Quantum-key distribution (QKD) schemes employing quantum communication links are typically based on the transmission of weak optical pulses over optical fibers to setup a secret key between the transmitting and receiving nodes. Alice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 Debasish Datta
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