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Related papers: Understanding Security Issues in the NFT Ecosystem

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The non-fungible token (NFT) market emerges as a recent trading innovation leveraging blockchain technology, mirroring the dynamics of the cryptocurrency market. The current study is based on the capitalization changes and transaction…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-09 Marcin Wątorek , Paweł Szydło , Jarosław Kwapień , Stanisław Drożdż

The derivative of token standard of Ethereum blockchain, termed as Non Fungible Token is distinguishable token. These tokens are bound with digital properties that provide them unique identification which helps in fulfilling the aim of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Priyanshu Lohar , Kiran Rathi

Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have gained a solid foothold within the crypto community, and substantial amounts of money have been allocated to their trades. In this paper, we studied one of the most prominent marketplaces dedicated to NFT…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-09-28 MohammadAmin Fazli , Ali Owfi , Mohammad Reza Taesiri

With the explosive development of decentralized finance, we witness a phenomenal growth in tokenization of all kinds of assets, including equity, funds, debt, and real estate. By taking advantage of blockchain technology, digital assets are…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-04-21 Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini Bamakan , Nasim Nezhadsistani , Omid Bodaghi , Qiang Qu

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital assets stored on a blockchain representing real-world objects such as art or collectibles. An NFT collection comprises numerous tokens; each token can be transacted multiple times. It is a…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-02-07 Wesley Joon-Wie Tann , Akhil Vuputuri , Ee-Chien Chang

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are transforming how content creators, such as artists, price and sell their work. A key feature of NFTs is the inclusion of royalties, which grant creators a share of all future resale proceeds. Although widely…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-06 Brett Hemenway Falk , Gerry Tsoukalas , Niuniu Zhang

The non-fungible tokens (NFTs) market has evolved over the past decade, with NFTs serving as unique digital identifiers on a blockchain that certify ownership and authenticity. However, their high value also attracts attackers who exploit…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Lei Xiao , Shuo Yang , Wen Chen , Zibin Zheng

As a blockchain-based application, Non-Fungible Token (NFT) has received worldwide attention over the past few years. Digital artwork is the main form of NFT that can be stored on different blockchains. Although the NFT market is rapidly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Yufan Zhang , Zichao Chen , Luyao Zhang , Xin Tong

The Metaverse, an immersive virtual world, has emerged as a shared space where people engage in various activities ranging from social interactions to commerce. Cryptocurrencies [3] and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) [6] play pivotal roles…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Syed Ali Asif , Emma Cao , Hang Chen , Chien-Chung Shen , Yan-Ming Chiou

NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) have experienced an explosive growth and their record-breaking prices have been witnessed. Typically, the assets that NFTs represent are stored off-chain with a pointer, e.g., multi-hop URLs, due to the costly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Ziwei Wang , Jiashi Gao , Xuetao Wei

We quantify Non Fungible Token (NFT) rarity and investigate how it impacts market behaviour by analysing a dataset of 3.7M transactions collected between January 2018 and June 2022, involving 1.4M NFTs distributed across 410 collections.…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-24 Amin Mekacher , Alberto Bracci , Matthieu Nadini , Mauro Martino , Laura Alessandretti , Luca Maria Aiello , Andrea Baronchelli

In the evolving landscape of digital art, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have emerged as a groundbreaking platform, bridging the realms of art and technology. NFTs serve as the foundational framework that has revolutionized the market for…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Vivian Ziemke , Benjamin Estermann , Roger Wattenhofer , Ye Wang

The emergence of metaverse brings tremendous evolution to Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), which could certify the ownership the unique digital asset in the cyber world. The NFT market has garnered unprecedented attention from investors and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Zheng Cao , Yi Zhen , Gang Fan , Sheng Gao

A non-fungible token (NFT) is a data unit stored on the blockchain. Nowadays, more and more investors and collectors (NFT traders), who participate in transactions of NFTs, have an urgent need to assess the performance of NFTs. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Fan Yan , Xumeng Wang , Ketian Mao , Wei Zhang , Wei Chen

Since the inception of permissionless blockchains with Bitcoin in 2008, it became apparent that their most well-suited use case is related to making the financial system and its advantages available to everyone seamlessly without depending…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-06-16 Georgios Palaiokrassas , Sandro Scherrers , Iason Ofeidis , Leandros Tassiulas

We argue that the technical foundations of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) remain inadequately understood. Prior research has focused on market dynamics, user behavior, and isolated security incidents, yet systematic analysis of the standards…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Minfeng Qi , Qin Wang , Guangsheng Yu , Ruiqiang Li , Victor Zhou , Shiping Chen

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), digital certificates of ownership for virtual art, have until recently been traded on a highly lucrative and speculative market. Yet, an emergence of misconceptions, along with a sustained market downtime, are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Sarah Barrington , Nick Merrill

As Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) continue to grow in popularity, NFT users have become targets of phishing attacks by cybercriminals, called \textit{NFT drainers}. Over the last year, \$100 million worth of NFTs were stolen by drainers, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Hanna Kim , Jian Cui , Eugene Jang , Chanhee Lee , Yongjae Lee , Jin-Woo Chung , Seungwon Shin

The rapid growth in popularity and hype surrounding digital assets such as art, video, and music in the form of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has made them a lucrative investment opportunity, with NFT-based sales surpassing $25B in 2021 alone.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Sayak Saha Roy , Dipanjan Das , Priyanka Bose , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna , Shirin Nilizadeh

The explosive growth of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) on Web3 has created a new frontier for digital art and collectibles, but also an emerging space for fraudulent activities. This study provides an in-depth analysis of NFT rug pulls, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Trishie Sharma , Rachit Agarwal , Sandeep Kumar Shukla