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Deep neural networks excel in medical imaging but remain prone to biases, leading to fairness gaps across demographic groups. We provide the first systematic exploration of Human-AI alignment and fairness in this domain. Our results show…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Haozhe Luo , Ziyu Zhou , Zixin Shu , Aurélie Pahud de Mortanges , Robert Berke , Mauricio Reyes

Much attention and concern has been raised recently about bias and the use of machine learning algorithms in healthcare, especially as it relates to perpetuating racial discrimination and health disparities. Following an initial system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Jill A. Kuhlberg , Irene Headen , Ellis A. Ballard , Donald Martin

Adversarial attacks pose a severe risk to AI systems used in healthcare, capable of misleading models into dangerous misclassifications that can delay treatments or cause misdiagnoses. These attacks, often imperceptible to human perception,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Alyssa Gerhart , Balaji Iyangar

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) plays an indispensable role in demystifying the decision-making processes of AI, especially within the healthcare industry. Clinicians rely heavily on detailed reasoning when making a diagnosis,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Anna Stubbin , Thompson Chyrikov , Jim Zhao , Christina Chajo

Reliably detecting diseases using relevant biological information is crucial for real-world applicability of deep learning techniques in medical imaging. We debias deep learning models during training against unknown bias - without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Simon Langer , Oliver Taubmann , Felix Denzinger , Andreas Maier , Alexander Mühlberg

From massive face-recognition-based surveillance and machine-learning-based decision systems predicting crime recidivism rates, to the move towards automated health diagnostic systems, artificial intelligence (AI) is being used in scenarios…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Timnit Gebru

In medical imaging, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used to automate routine tasks. However, these algorithms can exhibit and exacerbate biases which lead to disparate performances between protected groups. We investigate…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-28 Tiarna Lee , Esther Puyol-Antón , Bram Ruijsink , Keana Aitcheson , Miaojing Shi , Andrew P. King

Medical image classification is crucial for diagnosis and treatment, benefiting significantly from advancements in artificial intelligence. The paper reviews recent progress in the field, focusing on three levels of solutions: basic,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-06 Loan Dao , Ngoc Quoc Ly

The use of deep learning in computer vision tasks such as image classification has led to a rapid increase in the performance of such systems. Due to this substantial increment in the utility of these systems, the use of artificial…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-05 Vinay Jogani , Joy Purohit , Ishaan Shivhare , Seema C Shrawne

Automatic segmentation of knee bony anatomy is essential in orthopedics, and it has been around for several years in both pre-operative and post-operative settings. While deep learning algorithms have demonstrated exceptional performance in…

Image normalization is a critical step in medical imaging. This step is often done on a per-dataset basis, preventing current segmentation algorithms from the full potential of exploiting jointly normalized information across multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Pierre-Luc Delisle , Benoit Anctil-Robitaille , Christian Desrosiers , Herve Lombaert

The subject of "fairness" in artificial intelligence (AI) refers to assessing AI algorithms for potential bias based on demographic characteristics such as race and gender, and the development of algorithms to address this bias. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Esther Puyol-Anton , Bram Ruijsink , Stefan K. Piechnik , Stefan Neubauer , Steffen E. Petersen , Reza Razavi , Andrew P. King

In today's society, AI systems are increasingly used to make critical decisions such as credit scoring and patient triage. However, great convenience brought by AI systems comes with troubling prevalence of bias against underrepresented…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Yan Zhou , Murat Kantarcioglu , Chris Clifton

Since its renaissance, deep learning has been widely used in various medical imaging tasks and has achieved remarkable success in many medical imaging applications, thereby propelling us into the so-called artificial intelligence (AI) era.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-08 S. Kevin Zhou , Hayit Greenspan , Christos Davatzikos , James S. Duncan , Bram van Ginneken , Anant Madabhushi , Jerry L. Prince , Daniel Rueckert , Ronald M. Summers

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence and deep learning, medical image analysis has become a critical tool in modern healthcare, significantly improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. However, AI-based methods also…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yanming Zhu , Xuefei Yin , Alan Wee-Chung Liew , Hui Tian

A multitude of work has shown that machine learning-based medical diagnosis systems can be biased against certain subgroups of people. This has motivated a growing number of bias mitigation algorithms that aim to address fairness issues in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Yongshuo Zong , Yongxin Yang , Timothy Hospedales

Segmentation of images is a long-standing challenge in medical AI. This is mainly due to the fact that training a neural network to perform image segmentation requires a significant number of pixel-level annotated data, which is often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Himashi Peiris , Zhaolin Chen , Gary Egan , Mehrtash Harandi

With the increasingly widespread adoption of AI in healthcare, maintaining the accuracy and reliability of AI models in clinical practice has become crucial. In this context, we introduce novel methods for monitoring the performance of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Vasantha Kumar Venugopal , Abhishek Gupta , Rohit Takhar , Vidur Mahajan

In the field of Medical Imaging, extensive research has been dedicated to leveraging its potential in uncovering critical diagnostic features in patients. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven medical diagnosis relies on sophisticated machine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Xiaohui Chen , Tie Luo

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing in healthcare, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of services across various specialties, including cardiology, ophthalmology, dermatology, emergency medicine, etc. AI applications…