Related papers: An algebra and trigonometry -based proof of Kepler…
The recent non-calculus proof of Kepler's first law succeeds because of an obscure, but valid property of the ellipse.
Kepler's laws of planetary motion are acknowledged as highly significant to the construction of universal gravitation. The present study demonstrates different ways to derive the law of equal areas for the Earth by general geometrical and…
Proceeding like Newton with a discrete time approach of motion and a geometrical representation of velocity and acceleration, we obtain Kepler's laws without solving differential equations. The difficult part of Newton's work, when it calls…
Kepler's laws are derived from the inverse square law without the use of calculus and are simplified over previous such derivations.
The Earth itself is not stationary but keeps revolving, and its motion further satisfies the law of equal area according to the heliocentric doctrine. That satisfaction can be used to construct the mathematical relationships between the…
Although the differential calculus was invented by Newton, Kepler established his famous laws 70 years earlier by using the same idea, namely to find a path in a nonuniform field of force by small steps. It is generally not known that…
We present a natural proof of Kepler's law of ellipses in the spirit of Euclidean geometry. Moreover we discuss two existing Euclidean geometric proofs, one by Feynman in hist Lost Lecture from 1964 and the other by Newton in the Principia…
In the past, Kepler painstakingly derived laws of planetary motion using difficult to understand and hard to follow techniques. In 1843 William Hamilton created and described the quaternions, which extend the complex numbers and can easily…
Kepler's first law states that the orbit of a point mass with negative energy in a classical gravitational potential is an ellipse with one of its foci at the gravitational center. In numerical simulations of this system one often observes…
The principle that celestial bodies must move on circular orbits or on paths resulting from the composition of circular orbits has been assumed as a constant guide in the astronomical thougth of the peoples facing the Mediterranean sea as…
We derive Copernicus's epicycles from Newton's gravitational force law by assuming that a planet's orbit is a perturbed circular orbit, with the perturbation defined to be co-rotating with the said orbit. We substitute this orbit expression…
In this article, we review the main results of Volume I of Newton's Principia which relates Kepler's law of planets and universal gravitation. In order to clarify the reasoning of Newton, elementary and simple proofs are given to inspire…
We examine the equant model for the motion of planets, which has been the starting point of Kepler's investigations before he modified it because of Mars observations. We show that, up to first order in eccentricity, this model implies for…
The sum of elliptic integrals simultaneously determines orbits in thr Kepler problem and the addition of divisors on elliptic curves. Periodic motion of a body in physical space is defined by symmetries, whereas periodic motion of divisors…
We review two initial orbit determination methods for too short arcs (TSAs) of optical observations of a solar system body. These methods employ the conservation laws of Kepler's problem, and allow to attempt the linkage of TSAs referring…
An elementary derivation of the Newton "inverse square law" from the three Kepler laws is proposed. Our proof, thought essentially for first-year undergraduates, basically rests on Euclidean geometry. It could then be offered even to…
The first integrals of the Kepler problem are used to compute preliminary orbits starting from two short observed arcs of a celestial body, which may be obtained either by optical or radar observations. We write polynomial equations for…
An elementary proof of Bertrand's theorem is given by examining the radial orbit equation, without needing to solve complicated equations or integrals.
In the context of two-dimensional spacetime within a helium atom, both 1s electrons are characterized by wave functions that observe duality equation. They are symmetric, orthogonal and interwoven, forming a dynamic rope structure at any…
It is argued that, for motion in a central force field, polar reciprocals of trajectories are an elegant alternative to hodographs. The principal advantage of polar reciprocals is that the transformation from a trajectory to its polar…