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We show that deep neural networks, including transformers and RNNs, pretrained as usual on next-token prediction, intrinsically discover and represent beliefs over 'quantum' and 'post-quantum' low-dimensional generative models of their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Paul M. Riechers , Thomas J. Elliott , Adam S. Shai

We proposed a framework for solving inverse problems in differential equations based on neural networks and automatic differentiation. Neural networks are used to approximate hidden fields. We analyze the source of errors in the framework…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Kailai Xu , Eric Darve

Complex-valued neural networks have attracted increasing attention in recent years, while it remains open on the advantages of complex-valued neural networks in comparison with real-valued networks. This work takes one step on this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Shao-Qun Zhang , Wei Gao , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Deep neural networks implement a sequence of layer-by-layer operations that are each relatively easy to understand, but the resulting overall computation is generally difficult to understand. We consider a simple hypothesis for interpreting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Richard D. Lange , Devin Kwok , Jordan Matelsky , Xinyue Wang , David S. Rolnick , Konrad P. Kording

This paper introduces FourNet, a novel single-layer feed-forward neural network (FFNN) method designed to approximate transition densities for which closed-form expressions of their Fourier transforms, i.e. characteristic functions, are…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-10-01 Rong Du , Duy-Minh Dang

We theoretically discuss why deep neural networks (DNNs) performs better than other models in some cases by investigating statistical properties of DNNs for non-smooth functions. While DNNs have empirically shown higher performance than…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-10 Masaaki Imaizumi , Kenji Fukumizu

In this manuscript, we show that any neural network with any activation function can be represented as a decision tree. The representation is equivalence and not an approximation, thus keeping the accuracy of the neural network exactly as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Caglar Aytekin

A practical limitation of deep neural networks is their high degree of specialization to a single task and visual domain. Recently, inspired by the successes of transfer learning, several authors have proposed to learn instead universal,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Sylvestre-Alvise Rebuffi , Hakan Bilen , Andrea Vedaldi

Deep neural networks are widely used prediction algorithms whose performance often improves as the number of weights increases, leading to over-parametrization. We consider a two-layered neural network whose first layer is frozen while the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Roman Worschech , Bernd Rosenow

Giving provable guarantees for learning neural networks is a core challenge of machine learning theory. Most prior work gives parameter recovery guarantees for one hidden layer networks, however, the networks used in practice have multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Surbhi Goel , Rina Panigrahy

Algorithms have been fundamental to recent global technological advances and, in particular, they have been the cornerstone of technical advances in one field rapidly being applied to another. We argue that algorithms possess fundamentally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Petar Veličković , Charles Blundell

Recent studies have shown that deep neural networks (DNNs) perform significantly better than shallow networks and Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) on large vocabulary speech recognition tasks. In this paper, we argue that the improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Dong Yu , Michael L. Seltzer , Jinyu Li , Jui-Ting Huang , Frank Seide

In order to choose a neural network architecture that will be effective for a particular modeling problem, one must understand the limitations imposed by each of the potential options. These limitations are typically described in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Jesse Johnson

We show that there are no non-trivial closed subspaces of $L_2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ that are invariant under invertible affine transformations. We apply this result to neural networks showing that any nonzero $L_2(\mathbb{R})$ function is an…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-04 Cornelia Schneider , Samuel Probst

Deep neural networks have proven to be particularly effective in visual and audio recognition tasks. Existing models tend to be computationally expensive and memory intensive, however, and so methods for hardware-oriented approximation have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Erwei Wang , James J. Davis , Ruizhe Zhao , Ho-Cheung Ng , Xinyu Niu , Wayne Luk , Peter Y. K. Cheung , George A. Constantinides

Deep neural networks have dramatically advanced the state of the art for many areas of machine learning. Recently they have been shown to have a remarkable ability to generate highly complex visual artifacts such as images and text rather…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-08 Andrey Zhmoginov , Mark Sandler

Neural networks have attracted a lot of attention due to its success in applications such as natural language processing and computer vision. For large scale data, due to the tremendous number of parameters in neural networks, overfitting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-05 Xiaoxi Shen , Jinghang Lin

We study feedforward neural networks with inputs from a topological space (TFNNs). We prove a universal approximation theorem for shallow TFNNs, which demonstrates their capacity to approximate any continuous function defined on this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Vugar Ismailov

We study the approximation of shift-invariant or equivariant functions by deep fully convolutional networks from the dynamical systems perspective. We prove that deep residual fully convolutional networks and their continuous-layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Ting Lin , Zuowei Shen , Qianxiao Li

Landmark universal function approximation results for neural networks with trained weights and biases provided the impetus for the ubiquitous use of neural networks as learning models in neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Recent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ezekiel Williams , Alexandre Payeur , Avery Hee-Woon Ryoo , Thomas Jiralerspong , Matthew G. Perich , Luca Mazzucato , Guillaume Lajoie
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