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Researchers have formalized reinforcement learning (RL) in different ways. If an agent in one RL framework is to run within another RL framework's environments, the agent must first be converted, or mapped, into that other framework.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Samuel Alexander , Arthur Paul Pedersen

Safety is critical when applying reinforcement learning (RL) to real-world problems. As a result, safe RL has emerged as a fundamental and powerful paradigm for optimizing an agent's policy while incorporating notions of safety. A prevalent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Akifumi Wachi , Xun Shen , Yanan Sui

The growing literature of Federated Learning (FL) has recently inspired Federated Reinforcement Learning (FRL) to encourage multiple agents to federatively build a better decision-making policy without sharing raw trajectories. Despite its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Flint Xiaofeng Fan , Yining Ma , Zhongxiang Dai , Wei Jing , Cheston Tan , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

A rich class of mechanism design problems can be understood as incomplete-information games between a principal who commits to a policy and an agent who responds, with payoffs determined by an unknown state of the world. Traditionally,…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-09-14 Modibo Camara , Jason Hartline , Aleck Johnsen

Curriculum reinforcement learning (CRL) improves the learning speed and stability of an agent by exposing it to a tailored series of tasks throughout learning. Despite empirical successes, an open question in CRL is how to automatically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Pascal Klink , Carlo D'Eramo , Jan Peters , Joni Pajarinen

Reinforcement learning (RL) promises to enable autonomous acquisition of complex behaviors for diverse agents. However, the success of current reinforcement learning algorithms is predicated on an often under-emphasised requirement -- each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Archit Sharma , Abhishek Gupta , Sergey Levine , Karol Hausman , Chelsea Finn

This note aims to provide a basic intuition on the concept of filtrations as used in the context of reinforcement learning (RL). Filtrations are often used to formally define RL problems, yet their implications might not be eminent for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-07 W. J. A. van Heeswijk

There is a clear desire to model and comprehend human behavior. Trends in research covering this topic show a clear assumption that many view human reasoning as the presupposed standard in artificial reasoning. As such, topics such as game…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Andrew Fuchs , Andrea Passarella , Marco Conti

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved tremendous development in recent years, but still faces significant obstacles in addressing complex real-life problems due to the issues of poor system generalization, low sample efficiency as well…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Chao Yu , Shicheng Ye , Hankz Hankui Zhuo

Active reinforcement learning (ARL) is a variant on reinforcement learning where the agent does not observe the reward unless it chooses to pay a query cost c > 0. The central question of ARL is how to quantify the long-term value of reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-26 David Krueger , Jan Leike , Owain Evans , John Salvatier

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is a powerful set of techniques for imitation learning that aims to learn a reward function that rationalizes expert demonstrations. Unfortunately, traditional IRL methods suffer from a computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Gokul Swamy , Sanjiban Choudhury , J. Andrew Bagnell , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved great success in solving complicated decision-making problems. Despite the successes, DRL is frequently criticized for many reasons, e.g., data inefficient, inflexible and intractable reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Weiqin Chen

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has become a key factor in aligning model behavior with users' goals. However, while humans integrate multiple strategies when making decisions, current RLHF approaches often simplify this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Mingkang Wu , Devin White , Evelyn Rose , Vernon Lawhern , Nicholas R Waytowich , Yongcan Cao

Recently, there has been increasing interest in transparency and interpretability in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) systems. Verbal explanations, as the most natural way of communication in our daily life, deserve more attention, since…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Xinzhi Wang , Huao Li , Hui Zhang , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara

With the increasing power of computers and the rapid development of self-learning methodologies such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, the problem of constructing an automatic Financial Trading Systems (FTFs) becomes an…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-08-29 Haoqian Li , Thomas Lau

AI systems are increasingly applied to complex tasks that involve interaction with humans. During training, such systems are potentially dangerous, as they haven't yet learned to avoid actions that could cause serious harm. How can an AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-18 William Saunders , Girish Sastry , Andreas Stuhlmueller , Owain Evans

Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based control system has received considerable attention in recent decades. However, in many real-world problems, such as Batch Process Control, the environment is uncertain, which requires expensive interaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Peng Zhang , Yawen Huang , Bingzhang Hu , Shizheng Wang , Haoran Duan , Noura Al Moubayed , Yefeng Zheng , Yang Long

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a potent tool for sequential decision-making and has achieved performance surpassing human capabilities across many challenging real-world tasks. As the extension of RL in the multi-agent system domain,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Ruiqi Zhang , Jing Hou , Florian Walter , Shangding Gu , Jiayi Guan , Florian Röhrbein , Yali Du , Panpan Cai , Guang Chen , Alois Knoll

The issue of whether we make decisions freely has vexed philosophers for millennia, Resolving this is vital for solving a diverse range of problems, from the physiology of how the brain makes decisions (and how we assign moral…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Tim Palmer

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been shown to be effective in many scenarios. However, it typically requires the exploration of a sufficiently large number of state-action pairs, some of which may be unsafe. Consequently, its application to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-24 Yousef Emam , Gennaro Notomista , Paul Glotfelter , Zsolt Kira , Magnus Egerstedt
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