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Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are hybrid quantum-classical approaches used for tackling a wide range of problems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Testing these algorithms on relevant hardware is crucial to…

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are widely applied in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era and are expected to demonstrate quantum advantage. However, training VQAs faces difficulties, one of which is the so-called barren plateaus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Huan-Yu Liu , Tai-Ping Sun , Yu-Chun Wu , Yong-Jian Han , Guo-Ping Guo

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), which combines quantum systems with classical computational power, has been arisen as a promising candidate for near-term quantum computing applications. However, the experimental resources such as the…

The evolution of a quantum system subject to measurements can be described by stochastic quantum trajectories of pure states. Instead, the ensemble average over trajectories is a mixed state evolving via a master equation. Both descriptions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Christian Carisch , Alessandro Romito , Oded Zilberberg

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have received considerable attention due to their potential for achieving near-term quantum advantage. However, more work is needed to understand their scalability. One known scaling result for VQAs is…

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have established themselves as a central computational paradigm in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. By coupling parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) with classical optimization, they…

The rise of programmable quantum devices has motivated the exploration of circuit models which could realize novel physics. A promising candidate is a class of hybrid circuits, where entangling unitary dynamics compete with disentangling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-08 Stefanie Czischek , Giacomo Torlai , Sayonee Ray , Rajibul Islam , Roger G. Melko

Combining classical optimization with parameterized quantum circuit evaluation, variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are among the most promising algorithms in near-term quantum computing. Similar to neural networks (NNs), VQAs iteratively…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Zhehao Yi , Yanying Liang , Haozhen Situ

Entanglement detection is a fundamental task in quantum information science, serving as a cornerstone for quantum benchmarking and foundational studies. With an increasing qubit number that can be effectively controlled, there is a pressing…

Variational quantum algorithms have been widely demonstrated in both experimental and theoretical contexts to have extensive applications in quantum simulation, optimization, and machine learning. However, the exponential growth in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-06 Li Xin , Zhang-qi Yin

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are a class of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms that leverage on classical optimization tools to find the optimal parameters for a parameterized quantum circuit. One relevant application of VQAs is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Mirko Legnini , Julian Berberich

We introduce a class of hybrid quantum circuits, with random unitaries and projective measurements, which host long-range order in the area law entanglement phase of the steady state. Our primary example is circuits with unitaries…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-06-22 Shengqi Sang , Timothy H. Hsieh

Variational quantum algorithms, which combine highly expressive parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) and optimization techniques in machine learning, are one of the most promising applications of a near-term quantum computer. Despite their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-07 Chae-Yeun Park , Nathan Killoran

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are expected to be promising algorithms with quantum advantages that can be run at quantum computers in the close future. In this work, we review simple rules in basic quantum circuits, and propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Jaehoon Hahm , Hayeon Kim , Young June Park

This paper presents an easy-to-implement approach to mitigate the challenges posed by barren plateaus (BPs) in randomly initialized parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) within variational quantum algorithms (VQAs). Recent state-of-the-art…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Muhammad Kashif , Muhammad Shafique

This work studies the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm, designed to determine the ground state of a quantum mechanical system by combining classical and quantum hardware. Methods of reducing the number of required qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-01 R. J. P. T. de Keijzer , V. E. Colussi , B. Škorić , S. J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans

In the search for quantum advantage with near-term quantum devices, navigating the optimization landscape is significantly hampered by the barren plateaus phenomenon. This study presents a strategy to overcome this obstacle without changing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Yuhan Yao , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

Variational quantum-classical hybrid algorithms are seen as a promising strategy for solving practical problems on quantum computers in the near term. While this approach reduces the number of qubits and operations required from the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-07 Ali Rad , Alireza Seif , Norbert M. Linke

The advent of cloud quantum computing has led to the rapid development of quantum algorithms. In particular, it is necessary to study variational quantum-classical hybrid algorithms, which are executable on noisy intermediate-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-02 Ikko Hamamura , Takashi Imamichi

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a promising tool for simulating ground states of quantum many-body systems on noisy quantum computers. Its effectiveness relies heavily on the ansatz, which must be both hardware-efficient for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Alina Joch , Götz S. Uhrig , Benedikt Fauseweh