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Reinforcement learning practitioners often avoid hierarchical policies, especially in image-based observation spaces. Typically, the single-task performance improvement over flat-policy counterparts does not justify the additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Tudor Cristea-Platon , Bogdan Mazoure , Josh Susskind , Walter Talbott

Representation learning is a widely adopted framework for learning in data-scarce environments, aiming to extract common features from related tasks. While centralized approaches have been extensively studied, decentralized methods remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Donghwa Kang , Shana Moothedath

Learning a sequence of tasks without access to i.i.d. observations is a widely studied form of continual learning (CL) that remains challenging. In principle, Bayesian learning directly applies to this setting, since recursive and one-off…

Presence of bias (in datasets or tasks) is inarguably one of the most critical challenges in machine learning applications that has alluded to pivotal debates in recent years. Such challenges range from spurious associations between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Ehsan Adeli , Qingyu Zhao , Adolf Pfefferbaum , Edith V. Sullivan , Li Fei-Fei , Juan Carlos Niebles , Kilian M. Pohl

In many problems, the measured variables (e.g., image pixels) are just mathematical functions of the latent causal variables (e.g., the underlying concepts or objects). For the purpose of making predictions in changing environments or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Kun Zhang , Shaoan Xie , Ignavier Ng , Yujia Zheng

Continual learning (CL) aims to learn a sequence of tasks without forgetting the previously acquired knowledge. However, recent CL advances are restricted to supervised continual learning (SCL) scenarios. Consequently, they are not scalable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Divyam Madaan , Jaehong Yoon , Yuanchun Li , Yunxin Liu , Sung Ju Hwang

Reinforcement learning (RL) promises a framework for near-universal problem-solving. In practice however, RL algorithms are often tailored to specific benchmarks, relying on carefully tuned hyperparameters and algorithmic choices. Recently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Scott Fujimoto , Pierluca D'Oro , Amy Zhang , Yuandong Tian , Michael Rabbat

Aligning a lens system relative to an imager is a critical challenge in camera manufacturing. While optimal alignment can be mathematically computed under ideal conditions, real-world deviations caused by manufacturing tolerances often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Matthias Burkhardt , Tobias Schmähling , Pascal Stegmann , Michael Layh , Tobias Windisch

We propose a novel formulation of robotic pick and place as a deep reinforcement learning (RL) problem. Whereas most deep RL approaches to robotic manipulation frame the problem in terms of low level states and actions, we propose a more…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-02-26 Marcus Gualtieri , Andreas ten Pas , Robert Platt

An effective technique for obtaining high-quality representations is adding a projection head on top of the encoder during training, then discarding it and using the pre-projection representations. Despite its proven practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yihao Xue , Eric Gan , Jiayi Ni , Siddharth Joshi , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Operating directly from raw high dimensional sensory inputs like images is still a challenge for robotic control. Recently, Reinforcement Learning methods have been proposed to solve specific tasks end-to-end, from pixels to torques.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Carlos Florensa , Jonas Degrave , Nicolas Heess , Jost Tobias Springenberg , Martin Riedmiller

The idea behind the \emph{unsupervised} learning of \emph{disentangled} representations is that real-world data is generated by a few explanatory factors of variation which can be recovered by unsupervised learning algorithms. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Francesco Locatello , Stefan Bauer , Mario Lucic , Gunnar Rätsch , Sylvain Gelly , Bernhard Schölkopf , Olivier Bachem

Representation learning is a key technique in modern machine learning that enables models to identify meaningful patterns in complex data. However, different methods tend to extract distinct aspects of the data, and relying on a single…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Wenhui Li , Shijin Gong , Xinyu Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) solves sequential decision-making problems via a trial-and-error process interacting with the environment. While RL achieves outstanding success in playing complex video games that allow huge trial-and-error,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Fan-Ming Luo , Tian Xu , Hang Lai , Xiong-Hui Chen , Weinan Zhang , Yang Yu

When operating in service of people, robots need to optimize rewards aligned with end-user preferences. Since robots will rely on raw perceptual inputs like RGB images, their rewards will inevitably use visual representations. Recently…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Ran Tian , Chenfeng Xu , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Jitendra Malik , Andrea Bajcsy

This paper presents a novel and efficient image enhancement method based on pigment representation. Unlike conventional methods where the color transformation is restricted to pre-defined color spaces like RGB, our method dynamically adapts…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Se-Ho Lee , Keunsoo Ko , Seung-Wook Kim

With the success of pretraining techniques in representation learning, a number of continual learning methods based on pretrained models have been proposed. Some of these methods design continual learning mechanisms on the pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Paul Janson , Wenxuan Zhang , Rahaf Aljundi , Mohamed Elhoseiny

Current end-to-end deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches require jointly learning perception, decision-making and low-level control from very sparse reward signals and high-dimensional inputs, with little capability of incorporating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Vibhavari Dasagi , Robert Lee , Serena Mou , Jake Bruce , Niko Sünderhauf , Jürgen Leitner

Despite the significant improvements that representation learning via self-supervision has led to when learning from unlabeled data, no methods exist that explain what influences the learned representation. We address this need through our…

Class incremental learning (CIL) algorithms aim to continually learn new object classes from incrementally arriving data while not forgetting past learned classes. The common evaluation protocol for CIL algorithms is to measure the average…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Sungmin Cha , Jihwan Kwak , Dongsub Shim , Hyunwoo Kim , Moontae Lee , Honglak Lee , Taesup Moon