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The threat of spoofing can pose a risk to the reliability of automatic speaker verification. Results from the bi-annual ASVspoof evaluations show that effective countermeasures demand front-ends designed specifically for the detection of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-22 Hemlata Tak , Jose Patino , Andreas Nautsch , Nicholas Evans , Massimiliano Todisco

High-performance anti-spoofing models for automatic speaker verification (ASV), have been widely used to protect ASV by identifying and filtering spoofing audio that is deliberately generated by text-to-speech, voice conversion, audio…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-08 Haibin Wu , Andy T. Liu , Hung-yi Lee

The ASVspoof challenge series was born to spearhead research in anti-spoofing for automatic speaker verification (ASV). The two challenge editions in 2015 and 2017 involved the assessment of spoofing countermeasures (CMs) in isolation from…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-12 Tomi Kinnunen , Kong Aik Lee , Hector Delgado , Nicholas Evans , Massimiliano Todisco , Md Sahidullah , Junichi Yamagishi , Douglas A. Reynolds

This study aims to develop a single integrated spoofing-aware speaker verification (SASV) embeddings that satisfy two aspects. First, rejecting non-target speakers' input as well as target speakers' spoofed inputs should be addressed.…

Logical Access (LA) attacks, also known as audio deepfake attacks, use Text-to-Speech (TTS) or Voice Conversion (VC) methods to generate spoofed speech data. This can represent a serious threat to Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV)…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Anacin , Angela , Shruti Kshirsagar , Anderson R. Avila

Recent anti-spoofing systems focus on spoofing detection, where the task is only to determine whether the test audio is fake. However, there are few studies putting attention to identifying the methods of generating fake speech. Common…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Tinglong Zhu , Xingming Wang , Xiaoyi Qin , Ming Li

Training a spoofing countermeasure (CM) that generalizes to various unseen data is desired but challenging. While methods such as data augmentation and self-supervised learning are applicable, the imperfect CM performance on diverse test…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-10 Xin Wang , Junich Yamagishi

Spectrograms - time-frequency representations of audio signals - have found widespread use in neural network-based spoofing detection. While deep models are trained on the fullband spectrum of the signal, we argue that not all frequency…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Bhusan Chettri , Tomi Kinnunen , Emmanouil Benetos

A reliable deepfake detector or spoofing countermeasure (CM) should be robust in the face of unpredictable spoofing attacks. To encourage the learning of more generaliseable artefacts, rather than those specific only to known attacks, CMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Wanying Ge , Xin Wang , Junichi Yamagishi , Massimiliano Todisco , Nicholas Evans

Recent advancements in Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) have shown promising results in Speaker Verification (SV). However, narrowing the performance gap with supervised systems remains an ongoing challenge. Several studies have observed that…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Victor Miara , Theo Lepage , Reda Dehak

Human voices can be used to authenticate the identity of the speaker, but the automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems are vulnerable to voice spoofing attacks, such as impersonation, replay, text-to-speech, and voice conversion.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-09 You Zhang , Fei Jiang , Zhiyao Duan

Automatic Speaker Verification systems are gaining popularity these days; spoofing attacks are of prime concern as they make these systems vulnerable. Some spoofing attacks like Replay attacks are easier to implement but are very hard to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-11 Rahul T P , P R Aravind , Ranjith C , Usamath Nechiyil , Nandakumar Paramparambath

In this paper, we perform an in-depth study of how data augmentation techniques improve synthetic or spoofed audio detection. Specifically, we propose methods to deal with channel variability, different audio compressions, different…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Ariel Cohen , Inbal Rimon , Eran Aflalo , Haim Permuter

Spoofing countermeasures aim to protect automatic speaker verification systems from attempts to manipulate their reliability with the use of spoofed speech signals. While results from the most recent ASVspoof 2019 evaluation show great…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-17 Hemlata Tak , Jose Patino , Massimiliano Todisco , Andreas Nautsch , Nicholas Evans , Anthony Larcher

Self-supervised language models are very effective at predicting high-level cortical responses during language comprehension. However, the best current models of lower-level auditory processing in the human brain rely on either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Aditya R. Vaidya , Shailee Jain , Alexander G. Huth

With a recent influx of voice generation methods, the threat introduced by audio DeepFake (DF) is ever-increasing. Several different detection methods have been presented as a countermeasure. Many methods are based on so-called front-ends,…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Piotr Kawa , Marcin Plata , Michał Czuba , Piotr Szymański , Piotr Syga

Speech deepfake detection (SDD) systems perform well on standard benchmarks datasets but often fail to generalize to expressive and emotional spoofing attacks. Many methods rely on spoof-heavy training data, learning dataset-specific…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Aurosweta Mahapatra , Ismail Rasim Ulgen , Kong Aik Lee , Nicholas Andrews , Berrak Sisman

As automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems are vulnerable to spoofing attacks, they are typically used in conjunction with spoofing countermeasure (CM) systems to improve security. For example, the CM can first determine whether the…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Anssi Kanervisto , Ville Hautamäki , Tomi Kinnunen , Junichi Yamagishi

Automatic speaker verification, like every other biometric system, is vulnerable to spoofing attacks. Using only a few minutes of recorded voice of a genuine client of a speaker verification system, attackers can develop a variety of…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Balamurali BT , Kin Wah Edward Lin , Simon Lui , Jer-Ming Chen , Dorien Herremans

Research in the past several years has boosted the performance of automatic speaker verification systems and countermeasure systems to deliver low Equal Error Rates (EERs) on each system. However, research on joint optimization of both…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Zhongwei Teng , Quchen Fu , Jules White , Maria E. Powell , Douglas C. Schmidt