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We construct and study a class of algebras associated to generalized layered graphs, i.e. directed graphs with a ranking function on their vertices. Each finite directed acyclic graph admits countably many structures of a generalized…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-06-11 Vladimir Retakh , Robert Lee Wilson

We give a homological interpretation of the coefficients of the Hilbert series for an algebra associated with a directed graph and its dual algebra. This allows us to obtain necessary conditions for Koszulity of such algebras in terms of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2011-11-15 Vladimir Retakh , Shirlei Serconek , Robert Wilson

It is known that any multiplication of a finite dimensional algebra is determined by a matrix of structural constants. In general, this is a cubic matrix. Difficulty of investigation of an algebra depends on the cubic matrix. Such a cubic…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-10-10 A. N. Imomkulov , U. A. Rozikov

In this work we investigate the derivations of $n-$dimensional complex evolution algebras, depending on the rank of the appropriate matrices. For evolution algebra with non-singular matrices we prove that the space of derivations is zero.…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2018-05-01 L. M. Camacho , J. R. Gómez , B. A. Omirov , R. M. Turdibaev

An evolution algebra corresponds to a quadratic matrix $A$ of structural constants. It is known the equivalence between nil, right nilpotent evolution algebras and evolution algebras which are defined by upper triangular matrices $A$. We…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2014-11-18 J. M. Casas , M. Ladra , B. A. Omirov , U. A. Rozikov

In this paper, we study modularity in the context of evolution algebras. Although this property has been previously considered, a complete description is still missing in several natural settings. In particular, we obtain a full…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Manuel Ladra , Andrés Pérez-Rodríguez

We define graded Hopf algebras with bases labeled by various types of graphs and hypergraphs, provided with natural embeddings into an algebra of polynomials in infinitely many variables. These algebras are graded by the number of edges and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-12-19 Jean-Christophe Novelli , Jean-Yves Thibon , Nicolas M. Thiéry

We consider evolution algebras and their related substructures: evolution ideals and evolution subalgebras. After exposing some of the concepts related to them in the literature, we explore the order structures that arise in the sets of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Alejandro González Nevado

The main goal of this note is to show that subalgebras of regular evolution algebras are themselves evolution algebras. This allows us to assume, without loss of generality, that every subalgebra in the regular setting has a basis…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-03-11 Manuel Ladra , Andrés Pérez-Rodríguez

We study the relation between algebraic structures and Graph Theory. We have defined five different weighted digraphs associated to a finite dimensional algebra over a field in order to tackle important properties of the associated…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-05 R. M. Aquino , L. M. Camacho , E. M. Cañete , C. Cavalgante , A. Márquez

We focus on evolution equations on co-evolving, infinite, graphs and establish a rigorous link with a class of nonlinear continuity equations, whose vector fields depend on the graphs considered. More precisely, weak solutions of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-04-15 José Antonio Carrillo , Antonio Esposito , László Mikolás

The starting point of this work is that the class of evolution algebras over a fixed field is closed under tensor product. This arises questions about the inheritance of properties from the tensor product to the factors and conversely. For…

Recently, by A. Elduque and A. Labra a new technique and a type of an evolution algebra are introduced. Several nilpotent evolution algebras defined in terms of bilinear forms and symmetric endomorphisms are constructed. The technique then…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-11-15 B. A. Omirov , U. A. Rozikov , M. V. Velasco

We define the harmonic evolution of states of a graph by iterative application of the harmonic operator (Laplacian over $Z_2$). This provides graphs with a new geometric context and leads to a new tool to analyze them. The digraphs of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-01-09 Jerzy Kocik

There has been a great deal of attention recently to graphs whose vertex set is a group, defined using the group structure. (The commuting graph, where two elements are joined if they commute, is the oldest and most famous example.) The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Peter J. Cameron

We define a normal graph algebra modeled on algebras used in genetics. Although the algebra does not always determine its graph, it often highlights special features. After developing basic properties of the algebra, we examine those of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-23 Harold N. Ward

The aim of this work is the description of the isomorphism classes of all Leavitt path algebras coming from graphs satisfying Condition (Sing) with up to three vertices. In particular, this classification recovers the one achieved by Abrams…

In this short note, we describe the so-called homogeneous involution on finite-dimensional graded-division algebra over an algebraically closed field. We also compute their graded polynomial identities with involution. As pointed out by L.…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Felipe Yukihide Yasumura

In this paper we show that evolution algebras over any given field $\Bbbk$ are universally finite. In other words, given any finite group $G$, there exist infinitely many regular evolution algebras $X$ such that $Aut(X)\cong G$. The proof…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-12-15 Cristina Costoya , Panagiote Ligouras , Alicia Tocino , Antonio Viruel

The main purpose of this paper is to study formal deformations of evolution algebras, determining their existence and classifying them up to equivalence. In addition, we examine degenerations in this setting and provide Hasse diagrams that…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Abdenacer Makhlouf , Andrés Pérez-Rodríguez