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Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) and their extensions, called 'deep-belief networks', are powerful neural networks that have found applications in the fields of machine learning and artificial intelligence. The standard way to training…
We discuss probabilistic neural networks with a fixed internal representation as models for machine understanding. Here understanding is intended as mapping data to an already existing representation which encodes an {\em a priori}…
Recently by the development of the Internet and the Web, different types of social media such as web blogs become an immense source of text data. Through the processing of these data, it is possible to discover practical information about…
Maximum entropy methods, rooted in the inverse Ising/Potts problem from statistical physics, are widely used to model pairwise interactions in complex systems across disciplines such as bioinformatics and neuroscience. While successful,…
In a standard multi-output classification scenario, both features and labels of training data are partially observed. This challenging issue is widely witnessed due to sensor or database failures, crowd-sourcing and noisy communication…
We present a mathematical construction for the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) that doesn't require specifying the number of hidden units. In fact, the hidden layer size is adaptive and can grow during training. This is obtained by first…
The restricted Boltzmann machine is a network of stochastic units with undirected interactions between pairs of visible and hidden units. This model was popularized as a building block of deep learning architectures and has continued to…
Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) are a powerful class of generative models, but their training requires computing a gradient that, unlike supervised backpropagation on typical loss functions, is notoriously difficult even to…
A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is a generative neural-network model with many novel applications such as collaborative filtering and acoustic modeling. An RBM lacks the capacity to retain memory, making it inappropriate for dynamic…
Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs) require flexible probability models that can be efficiently learned and sampled. Deep Boltzmann Machines (DBMs) are generative neural networks with these desired properties. We integrate a DBM…
In this letter, we propose enhanced factored three way restricted Boltzmann machines (EFTW-RBMs) for speech detection. The proposed model incorporates conditional feature learning by multiplying the dynamical state of the third unit, which…
We present explicit classes of probability distributions that can be learned by Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) depending on the number of units that they contain, and which are representative for the expressive power of the model. We…
A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) learns a probability distribution over its input samples and has numerous uses like dimensionality reduction, classification and generative modeling. Conventional RBMs accept vectorized data that…
Theoretical understanding of how deep neural network (DNN) extracts features from input images is still unclear, but it is widely believed that the extraction is performed hierarchically through a process of coarse-graining. It reminds us…
An extreme learning machine (ELM) is a three-layered feed-forward neural network having untrained parameters, which are randomly determined before training. Inspired by the idea of ELM, a probabilistic untrained layer called a…
We investigate the thermodynamic properties of a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), a simple energy-based generative model used in the context of unsupervised learning. Assuming the information content of this model to be mainly reflected…
Although considerable effort has been dedicated to improving the solution to the hyperspectral unmixing problem, non-idealities such as complex radiation scattering and endmember variability negatively impact the performance of most…
Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), or Vision-Language Models (VLMs), have shown impressive capabilities in a wide range of visual tasks. However, they often struggle with fine-grained visual reasoning, failing to identify domain-specific…
Conditional generative models are capable of using contextual information as input to create new imaginative outputs. Conditional Restricted Boltzmann Machines (CRBMs) are one class of conditional generative models that have proven to be…
In various verification systems, Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) have demonstrated their efficacy in both front-end and back-end processes. In this work, we propose the use of RBMs to the image clustering tasks. RBMs are trained to…