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In recent times, it has been shown that one can use code as data to aid various applications such as automatic commit message generation, automatic generation of pull request descriptions and automatic program repair. Take for instance the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Syed Arbaaz Qureshi , Sonu Mehta , Ranjita Bhagwan , Rahul Kumar

Recent years have seen the successful application of large pre-trained models to code representation learning, resulting in substantial improvements on many code-related downstream tasks. But there are issues surrounding their application…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Changan Niu , Chuanyi Li , Vincent Ng , Jidong Ge , Liguo Huang , Bin Luo

Abstract syntax trees (ASTs) play a crucial role in source code representation. However, due to the large number of nodes in an AST and the typically deep AST hierarchy, it is challenging to learn the hierarchical structure of an AST…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Xiao Wang , Qiong Wu , Hongyu Zhang , Chen Lyu , Xue Jiang , Zhuoran Zheng , Lei Lyu , Songlin Hu

Deep neural networks for machine comprehension typically utilizes only word or character embeddings without explicitly taking advantage of structured linguistic information such as constituency trees and dependency trees. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-04 Rui Liu , Junjie Hu , Wei Wei , Zi Yang , Eric Nyberg

Source code can be parsed into the abstract syntax tree (AST) based on defined syntax rules. However, in pre-training, little work has considered the incorporation of tree structure into the learning process. In this paper, we present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Xue Jiang , Zhuoran Zheng , Chen Lyu , Liang Li , Lei Lyu

Automatic code summarization frees software developers from the heavy burden of manual commenting and benefits software development and maintenance. Abstract Syntax Tree (AST), which depicts the source code's syntactic structure, has been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Chen Lin , Zhichao Ouyang , Junqing Zhuang , Jianqiang Chen , Hui Li , Rongxin Wu

Building deep learning models on source code has found many successful software engineering applications, such as code search, code comment generation, bug detection, code migration, and so on. Current learning techniques, however, have a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Nghi D. Q. Bui , Yijun Yu , Lingxiao Jiang

The landscape of deep learning has vastly expanded the frontiers of source code analysis, particularly through the utilization of structural representations such as Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs). While these methodologies have demonstrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Peter Samoaa , Mehrdad Farahani , Antonio Longa , Philipp Leitner , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani

As opposed to natural languages, source code understanding is influenced by grammatical relationships between tokens regardless of their identifier name. Graph representations of source code such as Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) can capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Junyan Cheng , Iordanis Fostiropoulos , Barry Boehm

Code summarization aims to generate concise natural language descriptions for source code. The prevailing approaches adopt transformer-based encoder-decoder architectures, where the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) of the source code is utilized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Yeshwanth Nagaraj , Ujjwal Gupta

Deep learning is being used extensively in a variety of software engineering tasks, e.g., program classification and defect prediction. Although the technique eliminates the required process of feature engineering, the construction of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Zhehao Zhao , Bo Yang , Ge Li , Huai Liu , Zhi Jin

Summarizing source code into natural language descriptions (code summarization) helps developers better understand program functionality and reduce the burden of software maintenance. Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs), as opposed to source code,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Shijia Dong , Haoruo Zhao , Paul Harvey

We present a neural model for representing snippets of code as continuous distributed vectors ("code embeddings"). The main idea is to represent a code snippet as a single fixed-length $\textit{code vector}$, which can be used to predict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Uri Alon , Meital Zilberstein , Omer Levy , Eran Yahav

The pervasiveness of graphs in today's real life systems is quite evident, where the system either explicitly exists as graph or can be readily modelled as one. Such graphical structure is thus a store house rich information. This has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Manjari Pradhan , Bhargab B. Bhattacharya

Program semantics learning is the core and fundamental for various code intelligent tasks e.g., vulnerability detection, clone detection. A considerable amount of existing works propose diverse approaches to learn the program semantics for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Jing Kai Siow , Shangqing Liu , Xiaofei Xie , Guozhu Meng , Yang Liu

The ability to generate natural language sequences from source code snippets has a variety of applications such as code summarization, documentation, and retrieval. Sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models, adopted from neural machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Uri Alon , Shaked Brody , Omer Levy , Eran Yahav

Code generation is increasingly critical for real-world applications. Still, diffusion-based large language models continue to struggle with this demand. Unlike free-form text, code requires syntactic precision; even minor structural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Yiming Zeng , Jinghan Cao , Zexin Li , Yiming Chen , Tao Ren , Zhuochun Li , Dawei Xiang , Xidong Wu , Shangqian Gao , Tingting Yu

Deep learning methods, which have found successful applications in fields like image classification and natural language processing, have recently been applied to source code analysis too, due to the enormous amount of freely available…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Rocìo Cabrera Lozoya , Arnaud Baumann , Antonino Sabetta , Michele Bezzi

Code summarization provides a high level natural language description of the function performed by code, as it can benefit the software maintenance, code categorization and retrieval. To the best of our knowledge, most state-of-the-art…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Yao Wan , Zhou Zhao , Min Yang , Guandong Xu , Haochao Ying , Jian Wu , Philip S. Yu

Learning effective protein representations is critical in a variety of tasks in biology such as predicting protein function or structure. Existing approaches usually pretrain protein language models on a large number of unlabeled amino acid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Zuobai Zhang , Minghao Xu , Arian Jamasb , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Aurelie Lozano , Payel Das , Jian Tang