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We propose automatic speech recognition (ASR) models inspired by echo state network (ESN), in which a subset of recurrent neural networks (RNN) layers in the models are randomly initialized and untrained. Our study focuses on RNN-T and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Harsh Shrivastava , Ankush Garg , Yuan Cao , Yu Zhang , Tara Sainath

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is crucial in human-machine interactions. Mainstream approaches utilize Convolutional Neural Networks or Recurrent Neural Networks to learn local energy feature representations of speech segments from speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-05 Xiaoyu Tang , Yixin Lin , Ting Dang , Yuanfang Zhang , Jintao Cheng

In this paper, the echo state network (ESN) memory capacity, which represents the amount of input data an ESN can store, is analyzed for a new type of deep ESNs. In particular, two deep ESN architectures are studied. First, a parallel deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Xuanlin Liu , Mingzhe Chen , Changchuan Yin , Walid Saad

Many natural and physical processes can be understood by analyzing multiple system variables evolving, forming a multivariate time series. Predicting such time series is challenging due to the inherent noise and interdependencies among…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-11 S. Hariharan , R. Suresh , V. K. Chandrasekar

Despite the significant progress in automatic speech recognition (ASR), distant ASR remains challenging due to noise and reverberation. A common approach to mitigate this issue consists of equipping the recording devices with multiple…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-20 Xinchi Qiu , Titouan Parcollet , Mirco Ravanelli , Nicholas Lane , Mohamed Morchid

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) task has known significant improvements over the last years with the advent of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, even the most successful methods are still rather failing when adaptation to specific…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-16 Clément Le Moine , Nicolas Obin , Axel Roebel

Speech emotion recognition (SER) often experiences reduced performance due to background noise. In addition, making a prediction on signals with only background noise could undermine user trust in the system. In this study, we propose a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Yu-Wen Chen , Julia Hirschberg , Yu Tsao

Emotion recognition is a critical task in human-computer interaction, enabling more intuitive and responsive systems. This study presents a multimodal emotion recognition system that combines low-level information from audio and text,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-23 Shamin Bin Habib Avro , Taieba Taher , Nursadul Mamun

In many real-world applications, fully-differentiable RNNs such as LSTMs and GRUs have been widely deployed to solve time series learning tasks. These networks train via Backpropagation Through Time, which can work well in practice but…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Matthew Evanusa , Snehesh Shrestha , Michelle Girvan , Cornelia Fermüller , Yiannis Aloimonos

Echo-State Networks (ESNs) distil a key neurobiological insight: richly recurrent but fixed circuitry combined with adaptive linear read-outs can transform temporal streams with remarkable efficiency. Yet fundamental questions about…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Pradeep Singh , Lavanya Sankaranarayanan , Balasubramanian Raman

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is crucial for human-computer interaction but still remains a challenging problem because of two major obstacles: data scarcity and imbalance. Many datasets for SER are substantially imbalanced, where data…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Shijun Wang , Hamed Hemati , Jón Guðnason , Damian Borth

Detecting emotions directly from a speech signal plays an important role in effective human-computer interactions. Existing speech emotion recognition models require massive computational and storage resources, making them hard to implement…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-08 Arya Aftab , Alireza Morsali , Shahrokh Ghaemmaghami , Benoit Champagne

Effective speech emotional representations play a key role in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) and Emotional Text-To-Speech (TTS) tasks. However, emotional speech samples are more difficult and expensive to acquire compared with Neutral…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-12 Shijun Wang , Jón Guðnason , Damian Borth

Automatic affect recognition is a challenging task due to the various modalities emotions can be expressed with. Applications can be found in many domains including multimedia retrieval and human computer interaction. In recent years, deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Panagiotis Tzirakis , George Trigeorgis , Mihalis A. Nicolaou , Björn Schuller , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Recognizing emotional signals in speech has a significant impact on enhancing the effectiveness of human-computer interaction (HCI). This study introduces EmoAugNet, a hybrid deep learning framework, that incorporates Long Short-Term Memory…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Durjoy Chandra Paul , Gaurob Saha , Md Amjad Hossain

Echo State Networks (ESNs) are typically presented as efficient, readout-trained recurrent models, yet their dynamics and design are often guided by heuristics rather than first principles. We recast ESNs explicitly as state-space models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Pradeep Singh , Balasubramanian Raman

EEG is a non-invasive, safe, and low-risk method to record electrophysiological signals inside the brain. Especially with recent technology developments like dry electrodes, consumer-grade EEG devices, and rapid advances in machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Tri Duc Ly , Gia H. Ngo

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) traditionally relies on auditory data analysis for emotion classification. Several studies have adopted different methods for SER. However, existing SER methods often struggle to capture subtle emotional…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-23 HyeYoung Lee , Muhammad Nadeem

Conventional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in the real domain have been widely used for audio classification. However, their convolution operations process multi-channel inputs independently, limiting the ability to capture…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-27 Arshdeep Singh , Vinayak Abrol , Mark D. Plumbley

The process of identifying human emotion and affective states from speech is known as speech emotion recognition (SER). This is based on the observation that tone and pitch in the voice frequently convey underlying emotion. Speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Nishargo Nigar