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We present a novel deep-learning-based method to cluster words in documents which we apply to detect and recognize tables given the OCR output. We interpret table structure bottom-up as a graph of relations between pairs of words (belonging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Marek Polewczyk , Marco Spinaci

Table Structure Recognition (TSR) is a widely discussed task aiming at transforming unstructured table images into structured formats, such as HTML sequences, to make text-only models, such as ChatGPT, that can further process these tables.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Bin Xiao , Murat Simsek , Burak Kantarci , Ala Abu Alkheir

Although Transformers-based architectures excel at processing textual information, their naive adaptation for tabular data often involves flattening the table structure. This simplification can lead to the loss of essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Raphaël Mouravieff , Benjamin Piwowarski , Sylvain Lamprier

The automated analysis of administrative documents is an important field in document recognition that is studied for decades. Invoices are key documents among these huge amounts of documents available in companies and public services.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Thomas Saout , Frédéric Lardeux , Frédéric Saubion

Pool of knowledge available to the mankind depends on the source of learning resources, which can vary from ancient printed documents to present electronic material. The rapid conversion of material available in traditional libraries to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-12-25 Akmal Jahan Mac , Roshan G Ragel

Table structure recognition is an indispensable element for enabling machines to comprehend tables. Its primary purpose is to identify the internal structure of a table. Nevertheless, due to the complexity and diversity of their structure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Zhenrong Zhang , Pengfei Hu , Jiefeng Ma , Jun Du , Jianshu Zhang , Huihui Zhu , Baocai Yin , Bing Yin , Cong Liu

Table structure recognition aims to extract the logical and physical structure of unstructured table images into a machine-readable format. The latest end-to-end image-to-text approaches simultaneously predict the two structures by two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yongshuai Huang , Ning Lu , Dapeng Chen , Yibo Li , Zecheng Xie , Shenggao Zhu , Liangcai Gao , Wei Peng

Recent advancements in the area of Computer Vision with state-of-art Neural Networks has given a boost to Optical Character Recognition (OCR) accuracies. However, extracting characters/text alone is often insufficient for relevant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-17 Vishwanath D , Rohit Rahul , Gunjan Sehgal , Swati , Arindam Chowdhury , Monika Sharma , Lovekesh Vig , Gautam Shroff , Ashwin Srinivasan

Tables have gained significant attention in large language models (LLMs) and multimodal large language models (MLLMs) due to their complex and flexible structure. Unlike linear text inputs, tables are two-dimensional, encompassing formats…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Xiaofeng Wu , Alan Ritter , Wei Xu

A significant portion of the data available today is found within tables. Therefore, it is necessary to use automated table extraction to obtain thorough results when data-mining. Today's popular state-of-the-art methods for table…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Zach Colter , Morteza Fayazi , Zineb Benameur-El , Serafina Kamp , Shuyan Yu , Ronald Dreslinski

Many data we collect today are in tabular form, with rows as records and columns as attributes associated with each record. Understanding the structural relationship in tabular data can greatly facilitate the data science process.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Jin Cao , Yibo Zhao , Linjun Zhang , Jason Li

Chemical structure extraction from documents remains a hard problem due to both false positive identification of structures during segmentation and errors in the predicted structures. Current approaches rely on handcrafted rules and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Joshua Staker , Kyle Marshall , Robert Abel , Carolyn McQuaw

Building codes contain critical information for ensuring safety, regulatory compliance, and informed decision-making in construction and engineering. Automated question answering systems over such codes enable quick and accurate access to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mohammad Aqib , Mohd Hamza , Ying Hei Chui , Qipei Mei

Form understanding depends on both textual contents and organizational structure. Although modern OCR performs well, it is still challenging to realize general form understanding because forms are commonly used and of various formats. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Zilong Wang , Mingjie Zhan , Xuebo Liu , Ding Liang

Form understanding is a challenging problem which aims to recognize semantic entities from the input document and their hierarchical relations. Previous approaches face significant difficulty dealing with the complexity of the task, thus…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Tuan-Anh Nguyen Dang , Duc-Thanh Hoang , Quang-Bach Tran , Chih-Wei Pan , Thanh-Dat Nguyen

Object detection in documents is a key step to automate the structural elements identification process in a digital or scanned document through understanding the hierarchical structure and relationships between different elements. Large and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Ayan Banerjee , Sanket Biswas , Josep Lladós , Umapada Pal

As global trends are shifting towards data-driven industries, the demand for automated algorithms that can convert digital images of scanned documents into machine readable information is rapidly growing. Besides the opportunity of data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Pascal Fischer , Alen Smajic , Alexander Mehler , Giuseppe Abrami

In this thesis, we study multiple tasks related to document layout analysis such as the detection of text lines, the splitting into acts or the detection of the writing support. Thus, we propose two deep neural models following two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Mélodie Boillet

Information representation as tables are compact and concise method that eases searching, indexing, and storage requirements. Extracting and cloning tables from parsable documents is easier and widely used, however industry still faces…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Smita Pallavi , Raj Ratn Pranesh , Sumit Kumar

Tables form a central component in both exploratory data analysis and formal reporting procedures across many industries. These tables are often complex in their conceptual structure and in the computations that generate their individual…

Computation · Statistics 2023-06-30 Gabriel Becker , Adrian Waddell