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Related papers: The double smeared null energy condition

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We study the Null Energy Condition (NEC) arising from the Virasoro constraint on the string worldsheet. We then analyze how the NEC in the external spacetime directions emerges under general time-dependent string compactifications. Finally,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-13 Mir Mehedi Faruk

For the quantised, massless, minimally coupled real scalar field in four-dimensional Minkowski space, we show (by an explicit construction) that weighted averages of the null-contracted stress-energy tensor along null geodesics are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 C. J. Fewster , T. A. Roman

We argue that ``effective'' superluminal travel, potentially caused by the tipping over of light cones in Einstein gravity, is always associated with violations of the null energy condition (NEC). This is most easily seen by working…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-08-20 Matt Visser , Bruce Bassett , Stefano Liberati

We consider the effective stress-energy tensors for the foreground and background sectors in ghost-free bimetric gravity. By considering the symmetries of the theory, we show that the foreground and background null energy conditions (NECs)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-12-06 Valentina Baccetti , Prado Martin-Moruno , Matt Visser

We study the compatibility of the AdS/CFT duality with the bulk and boundary causality, and derive a conformally invariant averaged null energy condition (CANEC) for quantum field theories in 3 and 5-dimensional curved boundaries. This is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-04-22 Norihiro Iizuka , Akihiro Ishibashi , Kengo Maeda

The Averaged Null Energy Condition (ANEC) requires that the average along a complete null geodesic of the projection of the stress-energy tensor onto the geodesic tangent vector can never be negative. It is sufficient to rule out many…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Christopher J. Fewster , Ken D. Olum , Michael J. Pfenning

We give a simplified proof of the quantum null energy condition (QNEC). Our proof is based on an explicit formula for the shape derivative of the relative entropy, with respect to an entangling cut. It allows bypassing the analytic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-06 Stefan Hollands , Roberto Longo

Solutions to the equations of motion of the low energy, effective field theory emerging out of compactified heterotic string theory are constructed by making use of the well-known duality symmetries. Beginning with four-dimensional…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Sayan Kar

We give a conjecture on the lower bound of the ADM mass $M$ by using the null energy condition. The conjecture includes a Penrose-like inequality $3M\geq\kappa\mathcal{A}/(4\pi)+\sqrt{\mathcal{A}/4\pi}$ and the Penrose inequality $…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-02 Run-Qiu Yang , Li Li , Rong-Gen Cai

We argue that ``effective'' superluminal travel, potentially caused by the tipping over of light cones in Einstein gravity, is always associated with violations of the null energy condition (NEC). This is most easily seen by working…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Matt Visser , Bruce Bassett , Stefano Liberati

We calculate the stress-energy tensor for a scalar field with general curvature coupling, outside a perfectly reflecting sphere with Dirichlet boundary conditions. For conformal coupling we find that the null energy condition is always…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Delia Schwartz-Perlov , Ken D. Olum

We consider the Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) for holographic conformal field theories in two spacetime dimensions (CFT$_2$). We show that QNEC saturates for all states dual to vacuum solutions of AdS$_3$ Einstein gravity, including…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-04-04 Christian Ecker , Daniel Grumiller , Wilke van der Schee , Shahin Sheikh-Jabbari , Philipp Stanzer

The null energy or null convergence condition (NEC) is one of the fundamental assumptions necessary for many celebrated results from Lorentzian Geometry and Mathematical General Relativity. As such there have been several recent efforts to…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Melanie Graf , Yaver Gulusoy

The classical Penrose inequality, a relation between the ADM mass and the area of any cross section of the black hole event horizon, was introduced as a test of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture: if it fails, the trapped surface is not…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-27 Eduardo Hafemann , Eleni-Alexandra Kontou

Fewster and Mistry have given an explicit, non-optimal quantum weak energy inequality that constrains the smeared energy density of Dirac fields in Minkowski spacetime. Here, their argument is adapted to the case of flat, two-dimensional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 S. P. Dawson

A non-singular cosmological bounce in the Einstein frame can only take place if the Null Energy Condition (NEC) is violated. We explore situations where a single scalar field drives the NEC violation and derive the constraints imposed by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-06-26 Claudia de Rham , Scott Melville

Inflation and dark energy (DE), both featuring accelerated expansion, are crucial components of modern cosmology. As indicated by singularity theorems, null energy condition (NEC) violation is essential for resolving the initial singularity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-08 Gen Ye , Yong Cai

Explorations of the violation of null energy condition (NEC) in cosmology could enrich our understanding of the very early universe and the related gravity theories. Although a fully stable NEC violation can be realized in the ``beyond…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-24 Yong Cai , Ji Xu , Shuai Zhao , Siyi Zhou

Averaged Null Energy Conditions (ANECs) hold in unitary quantum field theories. In conformal field theories, ANECs in states created by the application of the stress tensor to the vacuum lead to three constraints on the stress-tensor…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-05-31 Kuo-Wei Huang , Robin Karlsson , Andrei Parnachev , Samuel Valach

We investigate the quantum null energy condition (QNEC) in holographic CFTs, focusing on half-spaces and particular classes of states. We present direct, and in certain cases nonperturbative, calculations for both the diagonal and off-…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-09-26 Zuhair U. Khandker , Sandipan Kundu , Daliang Li