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Inverse problems arise almost everywhere in science and engineering where we need to infer on a quantity from indirect observation. The cases of medical, biomedical, and industrial imaging systems are the typical examples. A very high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Ali Mohammad-Djafari

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are widely used to describe relevant phenomena in dynamical systems. In real-world applications, we commonly need to combine formal PDE models with (potentially noisy) observations. This is especially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Monika Nagy-Huber , Volker Roth

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding governing physical laws directly into the training objective. Recent advances in quantum machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Ban Q. Tran , Nahid Binandeh Dehaghani , Rafal Wisniewski , Susan Mengel , A. Pedro Aguiar

The accurate solution of nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs) remains challenging due to steep gradients, discontinuities, and multiscale structures that make conventional solvers computationally demanding.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Saif Ur Rehman , Wajid Yousuf

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an increasingly powerful way to solve partial differential equations, generate digital twins, and create neural surrogates of physical models. In this manuscript we detail the inner workings of…

Singularly perturbed problems are known to have solutions with steep boundary layers that are hard to resolve numerically. Traditional numerical methods, such as Finite Difference Methods (FDMs), require a refined mesh to obtain stable and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Jiajing Guan , Howard Elman

Learning the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) with a neural network is an attractive alternative to traditional solvers due to its elegance, greater flexibility and the ease of incorporating observed data. However, training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Katsiaryna Haitsiukevich , Alexander Ilin

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) encode physical conservation laws and prior physical knowledge into the neural networks, ensuring the correct physics is represented accurately while alleviating the need for supervised learning to a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Xuhui Meng , Zhen Li , Dongkun Zhang , George Em Karniadakis

We introduce NewPINNs, a physics-informing learning framework that couples neural networks with conventional numerical solvers for solving differential equations. Rather than enforcing governing equations and boundary conditions through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Maedeh Makki , Satish Chandran , Maziar Raissi , Adrien Grenier , Behzad Mohebbi

In this study, we present and validate the predictive capability of the Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) methodology for solving a variety of engineering and biological dynamical systems governed by ordinary differential equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Tyrus Whitman , Andrew Particka , Christopher Diers , Ian Griffin , Charuka Wickramasinghe , Pradeep Ranaweera

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a new paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by integrating physical laws into the learning process of neural networks. However, ensuring that such frameworks fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Nanxi Chen , Sifan Wang , Rujin Ma , Airong Chen , Chuanjie Cui

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) combine deep learning with physical constraints for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), and are widely applied in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and solid mechanics. However, PINN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Xujia Chen , Xinyue Hu , Letian Chen , Daming Shi , Wenhui Fan

This paper introduces a novel approach to solve inverse problems by leveraging deep learning techniques. The objective is to infer unknown parameters that govern a physical system based on observed data. We focus on scenarios where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Sidney Besnard , Frédéric Jurie , Jalal M. Fadili

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) [4, 10] are an approach for solving boundary value problems based on differential equations (PDEs). The key idea of PINNs is to use a neural network to approximate the solution to the PDE and to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-23 Victorita Dolean , Alexander Heinlein , Siddhartha Mishra , Ben Moseley

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are extensively employed to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by ensuring that the outputs and gradients of deep learning models adhere to the governing equations. However, constrained by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Chenhao Si , Ming Yan

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a promising way to compute the solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) using deep neural networks. However, despite their significant success in various fields, it…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Seungchan Ko , Sang Hyeon Park

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a novel computational approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with noisy and sparse initial and boundary data. Although, efficient quantification of epistemic and aleatoric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Júlia Vicens Figueres , Juliette Vanderhaeghen , Federica Bragone , Kateryna Morozovska , Khemraj Shukla

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an influential method of solving differential equations and estimating their parameters given data. However, since they make use of neural networks, they provide only a point estimate of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Lena Podina , Mahdi Torabi Rad , Mohammad Kohandel

Inverse problems arise across scientific and engineering domains, where the goal is to infer hidden parameters or physical fields from indirect and noisy observations. Classical approaches, such as variational regularization and Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-03 Ali Mohammad-Djafari , Ning Chu , Li Wang

Solving analytically intractable partial differential equations (PDEs) that involve at least one variable defined on an unbounded domain arises in numerous physical applications. Accurately solving unbounded domain PDEs requires efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mingtao Xia , Lucas Böttcher , Tom Chou