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This paper studies groups of maximal size acting harmonically on a finite graph. Our main result states that these maximal graph groups are exactly the finite quotients of the modular group $\Gamma=\left<x,y \ | \ x^2=y^3=1\right>$ of size…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-31 Scott Corry

Mixed graphs can be seen as digraphs with arcs and edges (or digons, that is, two opposite arcs). In this paper, we consider the case where such graphs are bipartite and in which the undirected and directed degrees are one. The best graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-29 C. Dalfó , G. Erskine , G. Exoo , M. A. Fiol , J. Tuite

We define cut-and-join operator in Hurwitz theory for merging of two branching points of arbitrary type. These operators have two alternative descriptions:(i) they have the GL characters as eigenfunctions and the symmetric-group characters…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-02-15 A. Mironov , A. Morozov , S. Natanzon

We describe a construction that maps any connected graph G on three or more vertices into a larger graph, H(G), whose independence number is strictly smaller than its Lov\'asz number which is equal to its fractional packing number. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-19 Adan Cabello , Matthew G. Parker , Giannicola Scarpa , Simone Severini

To every directed graph $E$ one can associate a \emph{graph inverse semigroup} $G(E)$, where elements roughly correspond to possible paths in $E$. These semigroups generalize polycylic monoids, and they arise in the study of Leavitt path…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-26 Z. Mesyan , J. D. Mitchell , M. Morayne , Y. H. Péresse

A characterization is given of finite groups $H$ that have skew-morphisms of order coprime to the order $|H|$, and their skew-morphisms. A complete classification is then given of the automorphism groups and the underlying graphs of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Wendi Di , Zheng Guo , Cai Heng Li

This article studies automorphism groups of graph products of arbitrary groups. We completely characterise automorphisms that preserve the set of conjugacy classes of vertex groups as those automorphisms that can be decomposed as a product…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-07 Anthony Genevois , Alexandre Martin

We identify a family of $O(|E(G)|^2)$ nontrivial facets of the connected matching polytope of a graph $G$, that is, the convex hull of incidence vectors of matchings in $G$ whose covered vertices induce a connected subgraph. Accompanying…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-24 Phillippe Samer

The monography examines the problem of constructing a group of automorphisms of a graph. A graph automorphism is a mapping of a set of vertices onto itself that preserves adjacency. The set of such automorphisms forms a vertex group of a…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-07-18 Sergey Kurapov , Maxim Davidovsky

The graph of a Hecke operator encodes all information about the action of this operator on automorphic forms. Let $X$ be a curve over $\mathbb{F}_q$, $F$ its function field and $\mathbb{A}$ the adele ring of $F$. In this paper we will…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-03-05 Roberto Alvarenga

A graph is edge-transitive if its automorphism group acts transitively on the edge set. In this paper, we investigate the automorphism groups of edge-transitive graphs of odd order and twice prime valency. Let $\Gamma$ be a connected graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-14 Hong Ci Liao , Jing Jian Li , Zai Ping Lu

We give a generalization of the Hodge operator to spaces $(V,h)$ endowed with a hermitian or symmetric bilinear form $h$ over arbitrary fields, including the characteristic two case. Suitable exterior powers of $V$ become free modules over…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Linus Kramer , Markus J. Stroppel

Let $G$ be a group. The directed endomorphism graph, $\dend(G)$ of $G$ is a directed graph with vertex set $G$ and there is a directed edge from the vertex $a$ to the vertex $b$ if $a \neq b$ and there exists an endomorphism on $G$ mapping…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Midhuna V Ajith , Peter J Cameron , Mainak Ghosh , Aparna Lakshmanan S

Harmonic wave functions for integer and half-integer angular momentum are given in terms of the Euler angles $(\theta,\phi,\psi)$ that define a rotation in $SO(3)$, and the Euclidean norm in ${\mathbb R}^3$. Following a classical work by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-09 Sergio A. Hojman , Eduardo Nahmad-Achar , Adolfo Sánchez-Valenzuela

A graph is said to be a bi-Cayley graph over a group H if it admits H as a group of automorphisms acting semiregularly on its vertices with two orbits. A non-abelian group is called an inner-abelian group if all of its proper subgroups are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-05 Yan-Li Qin , Jin-Xin Zhou

Continuous groups of the form: $G+a_0G$ are defined, where $G$ denotes a Lie group and $a_0$ denotes an antilinear operation which fullfils the condition $a^2_0=\pm 1$. The matrix algebras connected with the groups $G+a_0G$ are defined. The…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-19 J. Kocinski , M. Wierzbicki

Orbits of automorphism groups of partially ordered sets are not necessarily congruence classes, i.e. images of an order homomorphism. Based on so-called orbit categories a framework of factorisations and unfoldings is developed that…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-26 Tobias Schlemmer

We study the automorphisms of a graph product of finitely-generated abelian groups W. More precisely, we study a natural subgroup Aut* W of Aut W, with Aut* W = Aut W whenever vertex groups are finite and in a number of other cases. We…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-07 Mauricio Gutierrez , Adam Piggott , Kim Ruane

The $H$-join of a family of graphs $\mathcal{G}=\{G_1, \dots, G_p\}$, also called the generalized composition, $H[G_1, \dots, G_p]$, where all graphs are undirected, simple and finite, is the graph obtained by replacing each vertex $i$ of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-12 Domingos M. Cardoso , Helena Gomes , Sofia J. Pinheiro

We consider the graph whose vertex set is a conjugacy class ${\mathcal C}$ consisting of finite-rank self-adjoint operators on a complex Hilbert space $H$. The dimension of $H$ is assumed to be not less than $3$. In the case when operators…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-05 Mark Pankov , Krzysztof Petelczyc , Mariusz Zynel