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This paper presents a derivation of a first-order reduction and 3+1 decomposition of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR) in the pure-tetrad formulation (no spin connection). Our analysis demonstrates that in vacuum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-14 Ilya Peshkov , Héctor Olivares , Evgeniy Romenski

Solving the 4-d Einstein equations as evolution in time requires solving equations of two types: the four elliptic initial data (constraint) equations, followed by the six second order evolution equations. Analytically the constraint…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Richard A. Matzner

The Einstein-Maxwell (E-M) equations in a curved spacetime that admits at least one Killing vector are derived, from a Lagrangian density adapted to symmetries. In this context, an auxiliary space of potentials is introduced, in which, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-17 I. G. Contopoulos , F. P. Esposito , K. Kleidis , D. B. Papadopoulos , L. Witten

A class of gauges for the Einstein vacuum equations is introduced, along with three symmetric hyperbolic systems. The first implies the local realizability of the gauge. The second is the dynamical subset of the field equations. The third…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-03 Michael Reiterer , Eugene Trubowitz

We present a novel variational derivation of the Maxwell-GLM system, which augments the original vacuum Maxwell equations via a generalized Lagrangian multiplier approach (GLM) by adding two supplementary acoustic subsystems and which was…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-13 Michael Dumbser , Alessia Lucca , Ilya Peshkov , Olindo Zanotti

Many papers on modified gravity theories (MGTs), and metric-affine geometry have been published. New classes of black hole (BH), wormhole (WH), and cosmological solutions involving nonmetricity and torsion fields were constructed.…

General Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Sergiu I. Vacaru

Considering two static, electrically charged, elementary particles, we demonstrate a possible way of proving that all known fundamental forces in the nature are the manifestations of the single, unique interaction. We re-define the gauging…

General Physics · Physics 2010-12-30 L. Neslusan

A new technique is presented for modifying the Einstein evolution equations off the constraint hypersurface. With this approach the evolution equations for the constraints can be specified freely. The equations of motion for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 J. David Brown , Lisa L. Lowe

Towards the investigation of the full dynamics in higher-dimensional and/or stringy gravitational model, we present the basic equations of the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity theory. We show $(N+1)$-dimensional version of the ADM…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Takashi Torii , Hisa-aki Shinkai

We consider the Regge-Teitelboim model for a relativistic extended object embedded in a fixed background Minkowski spacetime, in which the dynamics is determined by an action proportional to the integral of the scalar curvature of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-28 Riccardo Capovilla , Alberto Escalante , Jemal Guven , Efrain Rojas

We propose a new numerical scheme of evolution for the Einstein equations using the discrete variational derivative method (DVDM). We derive the discrete evolution equation of the constraint using this scheme and show the constraint…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-10-24 Takuya Tsuchiya , Gen Yoneda

A self-consistent extended Einstein-Maxwell model for relativistic non-stationary polarizable-magnetizable anisotropic media is presented. Based on the analogy with relativistic extended irreversible (transient) thermodynamics, the extended…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 A. B. Balakin

A general covariant extension of Einstein\'{}s field equations is considered with a view to Numerical Relativity applications. The basic variables are taken to be the metric tensor and an additional four-vector $Z_\mu$. Einstein's solutions…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-04-21 C. Bona , T. Ledvinka , C. Palenzuela , M. Zacek

In this paper the macroscopic Einstein and Maxwell equations for system, in which the electromagnetic interactions are dominating (for instance, the cosmological plasma before the moment of recombination), are derived. Ensemble averaging of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexei V. Zakharov

Many numerical codes now under development to solve Einstein's equations of general relativity in 3+1 dimensional spacetimes employ the standard ADM form of the field equations. This form involves evolution equations for the raw spatial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Thomas W. Baumgarte , Stuart L. Shapiro

We review recent efforts to re-formulate the Einstein equations for fully relativistic numerical simulations. The so-called numerical relativity (computational simulations in general relativity) is a promising research field matching with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Hisa-aki Shinkai , Gen Yoneda

We revisit the problem of solving the Einstein constraint equations in vacuum by a new method, which allows us to prescribe four scalar quantities, representing the full dynamical degrees of freedom of the constraint system. We show that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-30 Xuantao Chen , Sergiu Klainerman

The scope of this paper is twofold. First, we derive rigorously a low-velocity and Galilei-covariant limit of the gravitoelectromagnetic (GEM) equations. Subsequently, these reduced GEM equations are coupled to the Schr\"odinger equation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-23 Giovanni Manfredi

We present a covariant multisymplectic formulation for the Einstein-Hilbert model of General Relativity. As it is described by a second-order singular Lagrangian, this is a gauge field theory with constraints. The use of the unified…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-03-29 Jordi Gaset , Narciso Román-Roy

We consider the metrics of the General Relativity, whose energy-momentum tensor has a bounded support where it is continuous except for a finite step across the corresponding boundary surface. As a consequence, the first derivative of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-18 Ramon Lapiedra , Juan Antonio Morales-Lladosa