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Although neural networks have seen tremendous success as predictive models in a variety of domains, they can be overly confident in their predictions on out-of-distribution (OOD) data. To be viable for safety-critical applications, like…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Masha Itkina , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Deep learning models are widely used nowadays for their reliability in performing various tasks. However, they do not typically provide the reasoning behind their decision, which is a significant drawback, particularly for more sensitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Tiago Roxo , Joana C. Costa , Pedro R. M. Inácio , Hugo Proença

Most of the work on interpretable machine learning has focused on designing either inherently interpretable models, which typically trade-off accuracy for interpretability, or post-hoc explanation systems, which lack guarantees about their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Gregory Plumb , Maruan Al-Shedivat , Eric Xing , Ameet Talwalkar

Interpretability methods are developed to understand the working mechanisms of black-box models, which is crucial to their responsible deployment. Fulfilling this goal requires both that the explanations generated by these methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Yilun Zhou , Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Julie Shah

Extracting discriminative local features that are invariant to imaging variations is an integral part of establishing correspondences between images. In this work, we introduce a self-supervised learning framework to extract discriminative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Jongmin Lee , Byungjin Kim , Seungwook Kim , Minsu Cho

Learning representations with self-supervision for convolutional networks (CNN) has been validated to be effective for vision tasks. As an alternative to CNN, vision transformers (ViT) have strong representation ability with spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Zhong-Yu Li , Shanghua Gao , Ming-Ming Cheng

While different neural models often exhibit latent spaces that are alike when exposed to semantically related data, this intrinsic similarity is not always immediately discernible. Towards a better understanding of this phenomenon, our work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Valentino Maiorca , Luca Moschella , Antonio Norelli , Marco Fumero , Francesco Locatello , Emanuele Rodolà

As vision-language models are deployed at scale, understanding their internal mechanisms becomes increasingly critical. Existing interpretability methods predominantly rely on activations, making them dataset-dependent, vulnerable to data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Francesco Gentile , Nicola Dall'Asen , Francesco Tonini , Massimiliano Mancini , Lorenzo Vaquero , Elisa Ricci

Prototypical parts-based networks are becoming increasingly popular due to their faithful self-explanations. However, their similarity maps are calculated in the penultimate network layer. Therefore, the receptive field of the prototype…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Mikołaj Sacha , Bartosz Jura , Dawid Rymarczyk , Łukasz Struski , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński

Foundation models are used to extract transferable representations from large amounts of unlabeled data, typically via self-supervised learning (SSL). However, many of these models rely on architectures that offer limited interpretability,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Samuel Ofosu Mensah , Camila Roa , Kerol Djoumessi , Philipp Berens

Despite their success, Large-Language Models (LLMs) still face criticism due to their lack of interpretability. Traditional post-hoc interpretation methods, based on attention and gradient-based analysis, offer limited insights as they only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Francesco De Santis , Philippe Bich , Gabriele Ciravegna , Pietro Barbiero , Danilo Giordano , Tania Cerquitelli

Equivariance guarantees that a model's predictions capture key symmetries in data. When an image is translated or rotated, an equivariant model's representation of that image will translate or rotate accordingly. The success of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nate Gruver , Marc Finzi , Micah Goldblum , Andrew Gordon Wilson

We present a method for feature interpretation that makes use of recent advances in autoregressive density estimation models to invert model representations. We train generative inversion models to express a distribution over input features…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-01-03 Charlie Nash , Nate Kushman , Christopher K. I. Williams

Dimensionality reduction techniques are fundamental for analyzing and visualizing high-dimensional data. With established methods like t-SNE and PCA presenting a trade-off between representational power and interpretability. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Erik Bergh

The lack of interpretability and transparency are preventing economists from using advanced tools like neural networks in their empirical research. In this paper, we propose a class of interpretable neural network models that can achieve…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-12-01 Yucheng Yang , Zhong Zheng , Weinan E

Clinical decisions are high-stakes and require explicit justification, making model interpretability essential for auditing deep clinical models prior to deployment. As the ecosystem of model architectures and explainability methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yongda Fan , John Wu , Andrea Fitzpatrick , Naveen Baskaran , Jimeng Sun , Adam Cross

Vision transformers have demonstrated significant advantages in computer vision tasks due to their ability to capture long-range dependencies and contextual relationships through self-attention. However, existing position encoding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Xi Chen , Shiyang Zhou , Muqi Huang , Jiaxu Feng , Yun Xiong , Kun Zhou , Biao Yang , Yuhui Zhang , Huishuai Bao , Sijia Peng , Chuan Li , Feng Shi

Deep neural networks need huge amount of training data, while in real world there is a scarcity of data available for training purposes. To resolve these issues, self-supervised learning (SSL) methods are used. SSL using geometric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Muhammad Ali , Sayed Hashim

This paper reviews recent studies in understanding neural-network representations and learning neural networks with interpretable/disentangled middle-layer representations. Although deep neural networks have exhibited superior performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-08 Quanshi Zhang , Song-Chun Zhu

Translation equivariance is a fundamental inductive bias in image restoration, ensuring that translated inputs produce translated outputs. Attention mechanisms in modern restoration transformers undermine this property, adversely impacting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 JiaKui Hu , Zhengjian Yao , Lujia Jin , Hangzhou He , Yanye Lu