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In this paper, we introduce the concept of Arf special gaps of an Arf numerical semigroup, and an algorithm for computing all Arf special gaps of a given Arf numerical semigroup. We introduce the concept of Arf-irreducible numerical…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-08-10 Meral Süer

We define the concentration of a numerical semigroup $S$ as $\mathsf{C}(S)=\max \left\{\text{next}_S(s)-s ~|~ s\in S \backslash \{0\}\right\}$ wherein $\text{next}_S(s)=\min\left\{x \in S ~|~ s<x\right\}$. In this paper, we study the class…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2021-04-01 José C. Rosales , M. B. Branco , Márcio A. Traesel

The Frobenius number for a set of relatively prime positive integers, where the smallest integer in the set is at least 2, is the largest integer that cannot be expressed as a nonnegative linear combination of those integers. We analyze the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-18 Xinxin Fang

We compute the Frobenius number for numerical semigroups generated by the squares of three consecutive Fibonacci numbers. We achieve this by using and comparing three distinct algorithmic approaches: those developed by Ram\'irez Alfons\'in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-03 Aureliano M. Robles-Pérez , José Carlos Rosales

In this work we will show that if $F$ is a positive integer, then the set ${\mathrm{Arf}}(F)=\{S\mid S \mbox{ is an Arf numerical semigroup with Frobenius number } F\}$ verifies the following conditions: 1) $\Delta(F)=\{0,F+1,\rightarrow\}$…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2023-03-23 M. A. Moreno-Frías , J. C. Rosales

Let 0 < a < b be two relatively prime integers and let <a,b> be the numerical semigroup generated by a and b with Frobenius number g(a,b)=ab-a-b. In this note, we prove that there exists a prime number p in <a,b> with p < g(a,b) when the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-23 Jorge L. Ramirez Alfonsin , Mariusz Skalba

The greatest integer that does not belong to a numerical semigroup S is called the Frobenius number of S, and finding the Frobenius number is called the Frobenius problem. In this paper, we solve the Frobenius problem for shifted square…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Kyunghwan Song

Let $S=\left\langle s_1,\ldots,s_n\right\rangle$ be a numerical semigroup generated by the relatively prime positive integers $s_1,\ldots,s_n$. Let $k\geqslant 2$ be an integer. In this paper, we consider the following $k$-power variant of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-25 Jonathan Chappelon , Jorge Luis Ramírez Alfonsín

We study statistical properties of random numerical semigroups of a given genus. We analyze the graph of a typical numerical semigroup, understood as a function from $\mathbb{N}$ to $\mathbb{N}$. If $S$ is a numerical semigroup of genus…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Maria Bras-Amorós , Nathan Kaplan , Deepesh Singhal

This paper provides a formula for the minimal relations and the Frobenius number of a numerical semigroup minimally generated by three pairwise coprime positive integers.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-25 Alessio Moscariello

We find a relation between the genus of a quotient of a numerical semigroup $S$ and the genus of $S$ itself. We use this identity to compute the genus of a quotient of $S$ when $S$ has embedding dimension $2$. We also exhibit identities…

Given relatively prime positive integers a_1,...,a_n, the Frobenius number is the largest integer that cannot be written as a nonnegative integer combination of the a_i. We examine the parametric version of this problem: given a_i=a_i(t) as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-25 Bjarke Hammersholt Roune , Kevin Woods

Let $A=(a_1, a_2, ..., a_n)$ be relative prime positive integers with $a_i\geq 2$. The Frobenius number $g(A)$ is the greatest integer not belonging to the set $\big\{ \sum_{i=1}^na_ix_i\ |x_i\in \mathbb{N}\big\}$. The general Frobenius…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Feihu Liu , Guoce Xin

Let $N \geq2$ and let $1 < a_1 < ... < a_N$ be relatively prime integers. Frobenius number of this $N$-tuple is defined to be the largest positive integer that cannot be expressed as $\sum_{i=1}^N a_i x_i$ where $x_1,...,x_N$ are…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-26 Lenny Fukshansky , Sinai Robins

We study how certain invariants of numerical semigroups relate to the number of second kind gaps. Furthermore, given two fixed non-negative integers F and k, we provide an algorithm to compute all the numerical semigroups whose Frobenius…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-16 Aureliano M. Robles-Pérez , José Carlos Rosales

We introduce a new way of counting numerical semigroups, namely by their maximum primitive, and show its relation with the counting of numerical semigroups by their Frobenius number. We show that these two ways of counting are M\"obius…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Manuel Delgado , Neeraj Kumar , Claude Marion

Let $f_1(n), \ldots, f_k(n)$ be polynomial functions of $n$. For fixed $n\in\mathbb{N}$, let $S_n\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ be the numerical semigroup generated by $f_1(n),\ldots,f_k(n)$. As $n$ varies, we show that many invariants of $S_n$ are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-22 Tristram Bogart , John Goodrick , Kevin Woods

We provide algorithms for performing computations in generalized numerical semigroups, that is, submonoids of $\mathbb{N}^{d}$ with finite complement in $\mathbb{N}^{d}$. These semigroups are affine semigroups, which in particular implies…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-22 Carmelo Cisto , Manuel Delgado , Pedro A. García-Sánchez

Let $S$ be a numerical semigroup. We will say that $h\in {\mathbb{N}} \backslash S$ is an {\it isolated gap }of $S$ if $\{h-1,h+1\}\subseteq S.$ A numerical semigroup without isolated gaps is called perfect numerical semigroup. Denote by…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2023-05-25 M. A. Moreno-Frías , J. C. Rosales

A numerical set $S$ with Frobenius number $g$ is a set of integers with $\min(S) = 0$ and $\max(\Zbb - S)=g$, and its atom monoid is $A(S) = \setpres{n \in \Zbb}{$n+s \in S$ for all $s \in S$}$. Let $\gamma_g$ be the number of numerical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-05-23 Jeremy Marzuola , Andy Miller