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Selectivity estimation aims at estimating the number of database objects that satisfy a selection criterion. Answering this problem accurately and efficiently is essential to many applications, such as density estimation, outlier detection,…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Yaoshu Wang , Chuan Xiao , Jianbin Qin , Rui Mao , Onizuka Makoto , Wei Wang , Rui Zhang , Yoshiharu Ishikawa

In this paper, we propose a unified framework of denoising score-based models in the context of graduated non-convex energy minimization. We show that for sufficiently large noise variance, the associated negative log density -- the energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Erich Kobler , Thomas Pock

Diffusion probabilistic models generate samples by learning to reverse a noise-injection process that transforms data into noise. A key development is the reformulation of the reverse sampling process as a deterministic probability flow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Jiaoyang Huang , Zhengjiang Lin

Density estimation is a fundamental problem in statistical learning. This problem is especially challenging for complex high-dimensional data due to the curse of dimensionality. A promising solution to this problem is given here in an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-23 Saeed Saremi , Arash Mehrjou , Bernhard Schölkopf , Aapo Hyvärinen

Denoising diffusion models are a class of generative models which have recently achieved state-of-the-art results across many domains. Gradual noise is added to the data using a diffusion process, which transforms the data distribution into…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-28 Francisco Vargas , Teodora Reu , Anna Kerekes , Michael M Bronstein

In this work, we investigated the application of score-based gradient learning in discriminative and generative classification settings. Score function can be used to characterize data distribution as an alternative to density. It can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Yongchao Huang

Iterative generative models, such as noise conditional score networks and denoising diffusion probabilistic models, produce high quality samples by gradually denoising an initial noise vector. However, their denoising process has many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Eric Luhman , Troy Luhman

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models and score-matching models have proven to be very powerful for generative tasks. While these approaches have also been applied to the generation of discrete graphs, they have, so far, relied on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Kilian Konstantin Haefeli , Karolis Martinkus , Nathanaël Perraudin , Roger Wattenhofer

Score estimation is the backbone of score-based generative models (SGMs), especially denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs). A key result in this area shows that with accurate score estimates, SGMs can efficiently generate samples…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-08 Sinho Chewi , Alkis Kalavasis , Anay Mehrotra , Omar Montasser

We prove an exact relationship between the optimal denoising function and the data distribution in the case of additive Gaussian noise, showing that denoising implicitly models the structure of data allowing it to be exploited in the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-11 Heikki Arponen , Matti Herranen , Harri Valpola

One of the popular measures of central tendency that provides better representation and interesting insights of the data compared to the other measures like mean and median is the metric mode. If the analytical form of the density function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Chandramouli Kamanchi , Raghuram Bharadwaj Diddigi , Prabuchandran K. J. , Shalabh Bhatnagar

In this paper, we explore provable acceleration of diffusion models without any additional retraining. Focusing on the task of approximating a target data distribution in $\mathbb{R}^d$ to within $\varepsilon$ total-variation distance, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Gen Li , Yuchen Zhou , Yuting Wei , Yuxin Chen

Score-based diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools in generative modeling, yet their theoretical foundations remain underexplored. In this work, we focus on the Wasserstein convergence analysis of score-based diffusion models.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-10 Yifeng Yu , Lu Yu

Many recent works utilize denoising score matching to optimize the conditional input of diffusion models. In this workshop paper, we demonstrate that such optimization breaks the equivalence between denoising score matching and exact score…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Tongda Xu

Diffusion models have shown remarkable success in text-to-image generation, making preference alignment for these models increasingly important. The preference labels are typically available only at the terminal of denoising trajectories,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Dingyuan Shi , Yong Wang , Hangyu Li , Xiangxiang Chu

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating samples from unknown data distributions. Most popular stochastic differential equation-based diffusion models perturb the target distribution by adding Gaussian noise,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-20 Wenpin Tang , Nizar Touzi , Zikun Zhang , Xun Yu Zhou

Conditional density estimation (CDE) is the task of estimating the probability of an event conditioned on some inputs. A neural network (NN) can also be used to compute the output distribution for continuous-domain, which can be viewed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Bing Chen , Mazharul Islam , Jisuo Gao , Lin Wang

Distantly-labeled data can be used to scale up training of statistical models, but it is typically noisy and that noise can vary with the distant labeling technique. In this work, we propose a two-stage procedure for handling this type of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Yasumasa Onoe , Greg Durrett

Denoising score matching (DSM) provides a way to learn data distributions by training a neural network to recover the score function, defined as the gradient of the log density, from noise-corrupted samples. Once trained, the score…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Victor Livernoche , Jie Zan , Reihaneh Rabbany

We present a new methodology for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) images by utilizing norms of the score estimates at multiple noise scales. A score is defined to be the gradient of the log density with respect to the input data. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Ahsan Mahmood , Junier Oliva , Martin Styner