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The notion of 'bifurcating continued fractions' is introduced. Two coupled sequences of non-negative integers are obtained from an ordered pair of positive real numbers in a manner that generalizes the notion of continued fractions. These…
Constraints over finite sequences of variables are ubiquitous in sequencing and timetabling. Moreover, the wide variety of such constraints in practical applications led to general modelling techniques and generic propagation algorithms,…
We introduce a one-parameter family of series associated to the Riemann $\zeta$-function and prove that the values of the elements of this family at integers are linearly independent over the rationals for almost all values of the…
Arthur Cohn's irreducibility criterion for polynomials with integer coefficients and its generalization connect primes to irreducibles, and integral bases to the variable $x$. As we follow this link, we find that these polynomials are ready…
To account for the first proof of existence of an irrational magnitude, historians of science as well as commentators of Aristotle refer to the texts on the incommensurability of the diagonal in Prior Analytics, since they are the most…
Intelligence-biological, artificial, or collective-requires structural coherence across recursive reasoning processes to scale effectively. As complex systems grow, coherence becomes fragile unless a higher-order structure ensures semantic…
We describe an approximate rational arithmetic with round-off errors (both absolute and relative) controlled by the user. The rounding procedure is based on the continued fraction expansion of real numbers. Results of computer experiments…
It is classical that univariate algebraic functions satisfy linear differential equations with polynomial coefficients. Linear recurrences follow for the coefficients of their power series expansions. We show that the linear differential…
One of the most interesting results of the last century was the proof completed by Matijasevich that computably enumerable sets are precisely the diophantine sets [MRDP Theorem, 9], thus settling, based on previously developed machinery,…
A new combinatorial object is introduced, the part-frequency matrix sequence of a partition, which is elementary to describe and is naturally motivated by Glaisher's bijection. We prove results that suggest surprising usefulness for such a…
One of the most popular and studied recursive series is the Fibonacci sequence. It is challenging to see how Fibonacci numbers can be used to generate other recursive sequences. In our article, we describe some families of integer…
It is well-known that the approximate factor models have the rotation indeterminacy. It has been considered that the principal component (PC) estimators estimate some rotations of the true factors and factor loadings, but the rotation…
The Fibonacci numbers are the prototypical example of a recursive sequence, but grow too quickly to enumerate sets of integer partitions. The same is true for the other classical sequences $a(n)$ defined by Fibonacci-like recursions: the…
For large-scale discrete-time algebraic Riccati equations (DAREs) with high-rank nonlinear and constant terms, the stabilizing solutions are no longer numerically low-rank, resulting in the obstacle in the computation and storage. However,…
The diagonal of a multivariate power series F is the univariate power series Diag(F) generated by the diagonal terms of F. Diagonals form an important class of power series; they occur frequently in number theory, theoretical physics and…
Motivated by the recently shown connection between self-attention and (kernel) principal component analysis (PCA), we revisit the fundamentals of PCA. Using the difference-of-convex (DC) framework, we present several novel formulations and…
We study possible formulations of algebraic propositional proof systems operating with noncommutative formulas. We observe that a simple formulation gives rise to systems at least as strong as Frege---yielding a semantic way to define a…
The first order behavior of multivariate heavy-tailed random vectors above large radial thresholds is ruled by a limit measure in a regular variation framework. For a high dimensional vector, a reasonable assumption is that the support of…
We prove a polynomial continued fraction identity for the constant $-\pi/4$, conjectured by the Ramanujan Machine project. The proof proceeds by explicitly solving the underlying second-order linear difference equation. We derive a…
A system with many degrees of freedom can be characterized by a covariance matrix; principal components analysis (PCA) focuses on the eigenvalues of this matrix, hoping to find a lower dimensional description. But when the spectrum is…