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Related papers: Learning Context-Aware Representations of Subtrees

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It has been proposed that, when processing a stream of events, humans divide their experiences in terms of inferred latent causes (LCs) to support context-dependent learning. However, when shared structure is present across contexts, it is…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-10 Qihong Lu , Tan T. Nguyen , Qiong Zhang , Uri Hasson , Thomas L. Griffiths , Jeffrey M. Zacks , Samuel J. Gershman , Kenneth A. Norman

In this paper, we define and study a new task called Context-Aware Semantic Expansion (CASE). Given a seed term in a sentential context, we aim to suggest other terms that well fit the context as the seed. CASE has many interesting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Jialong Han , Aixin Sun , Haisong Zhang , Chenliang Li , Shuming Shi

Documents exhibit sequential structure at multiple levels of abstraction (e.g., sentences, paragraphs, sections). These abstractions constitute a natural hierarchy for representing the context in which to infer the meaning of words and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-01 Shalini Ghosh , Oriol Vinyals , Brian Strope , Scott Roy , Tom Dean , Larry Heck

Topic segmentation is important in understanding scientific documents since it can not only provide better readability but also facilitate downstream tasks such as information retrieval and question answering by creating appropriate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Jeonghwan Lee , Jiyeong Han , Sunghoon Baek , Min Song

Knowledge is captured in the form of entities and their relationships and stored in knowledge graphs. Knowledge graphs enhance the capabilities of applications in many different areas including Web search, recommendation, and natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Kalpa Gunaratna , Yu Wang , Hongxia Jin

Current LLM agents typically lack instance-level context, which comprises concrete facts such as environment structure, system configurations, and local mechanics. Consequently, existing methods are forced to intertwine exploration with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Kuntai Cai , Juncheng Liu , Xianglin Yang , Zhaojie Niu , Xiaokui Xiao , Xing Chen

Object ranking is an important problem in the realm of preference learning. On the basis of training data in the form of a set of rankings of objects, which are typically represented as feature vectors, the goal is to learn a ranking…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-07 Karlson Pfannschmidt , Pritha Gupta , Eyke Hüllermeier

Recent advancements in pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated that these models possess some degree of syntactic awareness. To leverage this knowledge, we propose a novel chart-based method for extracting parse trees from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Jiaxi Li , Wei Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to maintain their original performance when faced with semantically coherent but task-irrelevant contextual information. Although prior studies have explored this issue using fixed-template or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yanbo Wang , Zixiang Xu , Yue Huang , Chujie Gao , Siyuan Wu , Jiayi Ye , Pin-Yu Chen , Xiuying Chen , Xiangliang Zhang

We formalize a new concept for LLMs, context-enhanced learning. It involves standard gradient-based learning on text except that the context is enhanced with additional data on which no auto-regressive gradients are computed. This setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Xingyu Zhu , Abhishek Panigrahi , Sanjeev Arora

Reading comprehension models are based on recurrent neural networks that sequentially process the document tokens. As interest turns to answering more complex questions over longer documents, sequential reading of large portions of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Mor Geva , Jonathan Berant

Latent tree learning models represent sentences by composing their words according to an induced parse tree, all based on a downstream task. These models often outperform baselines which use (externally provided) syntax trees to drive the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Jean Maillard , Stephen Clark

How to predict precise user preference and how to make efficient retrieval from a big corpus are two major challenges of large-scale industrial recommender systems. In tree-based methods, a tree structure T is adopted as index and each item…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Daqing Chang , Jintao Liu , Ziru Xu , Han Li , Han Zhu , Xiaoqiang Zhu

Autonomous control systems face significant challenges in performing complex tasks in the presence of latent risks. To address this, we propose an integrated framework that combines Large Language Models (LLMs), numerical optimization, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-08 Xiyu Deng , Quan Khanh Luu , Anh Van Ho , Yorie Nakahira

This dissertation establishes the contexture theory to mathematically characterize the mechanism of representation learning, or pretraining. Despite the remarkable empirical success of foundation models, it is not very clear what…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Runtian Zhai

In data analysis, latent variables play a central role because they help provide powerful insights into a wide variety of phenomena, ranging from biological to human sciences. The latent tree model, a particular type of probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-02-05 Raphaël Mourad , Christine Sinoquet , Nevin L. Zhang , Tengfei Liu , Philippe Leray

While LLMs excel at reasoning over prompts using static pretrained knowledge, they struggle significantly with context learning-the ability to dynamically extract, internalize, and apply new knowledge from complex, task-specific contexts.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hongbo Jin , Mingnan Zhu , Jingqi Tian , Xu Jiang , Zhongjing Du , Haoran Tang , Siyi Xie , Qiaoman Zhang , Jiayu Ding

In this work, we propose a novel tree-based explanation technique, PEACH (Pretrained-embedding Explanation Across Contextual and Hierarchical Structure), that can explain how text-based documents are classified by using any pretrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Feiqi Cao , Caren Han , Hyunsuk Chung

This paper addresses the problem of classifying observations when features are context-sensitive, specifically when the testing set involves a context that is different from the training set. The paper begins with a precise definition of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Peter D. Turney

The growth of pending legal cases in populous countries, such as India, has become a major issue. Developing effective techniques to process and understand legal documents is extremely useful in resolving this problem. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Xin Jin , Yuchen Wang