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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, enabling their widespread adoption across various domains. However, their susceptibility to prompt injection attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Jinsheng Pan , Xiaogeng Liu , Chaowei Xiao

Recent advances in probabilistic modelling have led to a large number of simulation-based inference algorithms which do not require numerical evaluation of likelihoods. However, a public benchmark with appropriate performance metrics for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-12 Jan-Matthis Lueckmann , Jan Boelts , David S. Greenberg , Pedro J. Gonçalves , Jakob H. Macke

Evaluating the pedagogical capabilities of AI-based tutoring models is critical for making guided progress in the field. Yet, we lack a reliable, easy-to-use, and simple-to-run evaluation that reflects the pedagogical abilities of models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jakub Macina , Nico Daheim , Ido Hakimi , Manu Kapur , Iryna Gurevych , Mrinmaya Sachan

The growing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into critical societal domains has raised concerns about embedded biases that can perpetuate stereotypes and undermine fairness. Such biases may stem from historical inequalities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Riccardo Cantini , Alessio Orsino , Massimo Ruggiero , Domenico Talia

The recent development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been accompanied by an effervescence of novel ideas and methods to better optimize the loss of deep learning models. Claims from those methods are myriad: from faster convergence to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Andrei Semenov , Matteo Pagliardini , Martin Jaggi

Although BERT is widely used by the NLP community, little is known about its inner workings. Several attempts have been made to shed light on certain aspects of BERT, often with contradicting conclusions. A much raised concern focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Nikolaos Manginas , Ilias Chalkidis , Prodromos Malakasiotis

Large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in machine learning research agents that can autonomously propose ideas and conduct experiments. However, existing benchmarks predominantly adopt an engineering-oriented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Qiran Zou , Hou Hei Lam , Wenhao Zhao , Yiming Tang , Tingting Chen , Samson Yu , Tianyi Zhang , Chang Liu , Xiangyang Ji , Dianbo Liu

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has sparked enormous interest due to their potential application across a range of educational tasks. For example, recent work in programming education has used LLMs to generate learning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Charles Koutcheme , Nicola Dainese , Sami Sarsa , Juho Leinonen , Arto Hellas , Paul Denny

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has outpaced the development of model evaluation, highlighting the need for continuous curation of new, challenging benchmarks. However, manual curation of high-quality, human-aligned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Tianle Li , Wei-Lin Chiang , Evan Frick , Lisa Dunlap , Tianhao Wu , Banghua Zhu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica

This paper introduces RTL-BenchMT, an agentic framework for dynamically maintaining RTL generation benchmarks. Large Language Models (LLMs) assisted automated RTL generation is one of the most important directions in EDA research. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jing Wang , Shang Liu , Hangan Zhou , Zhiyao Xie

Comparison with a human is an essential requirement for a benchmark for it to be a reliable measurement of model capabilities. Nevertheless, the methods for model comparison could have a fundamental flaw - the arithmetic mean of separate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Shavrina Tatiana , Malykh Valentin

As the mathematical capabilities of large language models (LLMs) improve, it becomes increasingly important to evaluate their performance on research-level tasks at the frontier of mathematical knowledge. However, existing benchmarks are…

Modern work relies on an assortment of digital collaboration tools, yet routine processes continue to suffer from human error and delay. To address this gap, this dissertation extends TheAgentCompany with a finance-focused environment and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Rory Milsom

While generalization over tasks from easy to hard is crucial to profile language models (LLMs), the datasets with fine-grained difficulty annotations for each problem across a broad range of complexity are still blank. Aiming to address…

Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has created a significant disparity: industrial research labs with their computational resources, expert teams, and advanced infrastructures, can effectively fine-tune LLMs, while individual…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit plateauing performance on conventional benchmarks, a pivotal challenge persists: evaluating their proficiency in complex, open-ended tasks characterizing genuine expert-level cognition. Existing…

Personalization plays a critical role in numerous language tasks and applications, since users with the same requirements may prefer diverse outputs based on their individual interests. This has led to the development of various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Jiongnan Liu , Yutao Zhu , Shuting Wang , Xiaochi Wei , Erxue Min , Yu Lu , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Zhicheng Dou

Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) technology empowers non-expert users to query relational databases without requiring SQL expertise. While large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved NL2SQL algorithms, their rapid development…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shizheng Hou , Wenqi Pei , Nuo Chen , Quang-Trung Ta , Peng Lu , Beng Chin Ooi

Data contamination hinders fair LLM evaluation by introducing test data into newer models' training sets. Existing studies solve this challenge by updating benchmarks with newly collected data. However, they fail to guarantee…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Xiaobao Wu , Liangming Pan , Yuxi Xie , Ruiwen Zhou , Shuai Zhao , Yubo Ma , Mingzhe Du , Rui Mao , Anh Tuan Luu , William Yang Wang