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Temporal logics over finite traces have recently seen wide application in a number of areas, from business process modelling, monitoring, and mining to planning and decision making. However, real-life dynamic systems contain a degree of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Fabrizio M. Maggi , Marco Montali , Rafael Peñaloza

In this paper, we propose a neuro-symbolic framework called weighted Signal Temporal Logic Neural Network (wSTL-NN) that combines the characteristics of neural networks and temporal logics. Weighted Signal Temporal Logic (wSTL) formulas are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Ruixuan Yan , Agung Julius

Transferring high-level knowledge from a source task to a target task is an effective way to expedite reinforcement learning (RL). For example, propositional logic and first-order logic have been used as representations of such knowledge.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Zhe Xu , Ufuk Topcu

Temporal Logic (TL) can be used to rigorously specify complex high-level specification for systems in many engineering applications. The translation between natural language (NL) and TL has been under-explored due to the lack of dataset and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yongchao Chen , Rujul Gandhi , Yang Zhang , Chuchu Fan

Linear temporal logic (LTL) is a powerful language for task specification in reinforcement learning, as it allows describing objectives beyond the expressivity of conventional discounted return formulations. Nonetheless, recent works have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Marco Bagatella , Andreas Krause , Georg Martius

A specification given as a formula in linear temporal logic (LTL) defines a system by its set of traces. However, certain features such as information flow security constraints are rather modeled as so-called hyperproperties, which are sets…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Martin Lück

Standpoint linear temporal logic ($SLTL$) is a recently introduced extension of classical linear temporal logic ($LTL$) with standpoint modalities. Intuitively, these modalities allow to express that, from agent $a$'s standpoint, it is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Rajab Aghamov , Christel Baier , Toghrul Karimov , Rupak Majumdar , Joël Ouaknine , Jakob Piribauer , Timm Spork

Model checking linear-time properties expressed in first-order logic has non-elementary complexity, and thus various restricted logical languages are employed. In this paper we consider two such restricted specification logics, linear…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Michael Benedikt , Rastislav Lenhardt , James Worrell

We present team semantics for two of the most important linear and branching time specification languages, Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) and Computation Tree Logic (CTL). With team semantics, LTL is able to express hyperproperties, which have…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andreas Krebs , Arne Meier , Jonni Virtema , Martin Zimmermann

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents capable of reasoning, planning, and acting within interactive environments. Despite their growing capability to perform multi-step reasoning and decision-making…

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in performing various tasks and thus are applied by recent studies to time series forecasting (TSF) tasks, which predict future values with the given historical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chen Su , Yuanhe Tian , Qinyu Liu , Jun Zhang , Yan Song

Temporal logics over finite traces are not the same as temporal logics over potentially infinite traces. Ro\c{s}u first proved completeness for linear temporal logic on finite traces (LTLf) with a novel coinductive axiom. We offer a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Eric Campbell , Michael Greenberg

In this paper we define future-time branching temporal logics evaluated over forests, that is, ordered tuples of ordered, but unranked, finite trees. We associate a rich class FL[$\mathcal{L}$] of temporal logics to each set L of (regular)…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-16 Kitti Gelle , Szabolcs Ivan

Dynamic systems in AI are often complex and heterogeneous, so that an internal specification is not accessible and verification techniques such as model checking are not applicable. Monitoring is in such cases an attractive alternative, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Alessandro Gianola , Marco Montali , Sarah Winkler

This paper presents a novel framework for inferring timed temporal logic properties from data. The dataset comprises pairs of finite-time system traces and corresponding labels, denoting whether the traces demonstrate specific desired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Kaier Liang , Gustavo A. Cardona , Disha Kamale , Cristian-Ioan Vasile

We introduce a similarity function on formulae of signal temporal logic (STL). It comes in the form of a kernel function, well known in machine learning as a conceptually and computationally efficient tool. The corresponding kernel trick…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Luca Bortolussi , Giuseppe Maria Gallo , Jan Křetínský , Laura Nenzi

We consider an agent acting to fulfil tasks in a nondeterministic environment. When a strategy that fulfills the task regardless of how the environment acts does not exist, the agent should at least avoid adopting strategies that prevent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Giuseppe De Giacomo , Gianmarco Parretti , Shufang Zhu

This paper focuses on planning robot navigation tasks from natural language specifications. We develop a modular approach, where a large language model (LLM) translates the natural language instructions into a linear temporal logic (LTL)…

In this paper, we introduce an alternative approach to Temporal Answer Set Programming that relies on a variation of Temporal Equilibrium Logic (TEL) for finite traces. This approach allows us to even out the expressiveness of TEL over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-30 Pedro Cabalar , Roland Kaminski , Torsten Schaub , Anna Schuhmann

The innovations in reactive synthesis from {\em Linear Temporal Logics over finite traces} (LTLf) will be amplified by the ability to verify the correctness of the strategies generated by LTLf synthesis tools. This motivates our work on…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Suguman Bansal , Yong Li , Lucas Martinelli Tabajara , Moshe Y. Vardi , Andrew Wells