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Modern large-scale Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have achieved tremendous success on a wide range of downstream tasks. However, most of the LM pre-training objectives only focus on text reconstruction, but have not sought to learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Liliang Ren , Zixuan Zhang , Han Wang , Clare R. Voss , Chengxiang Zhai , Heng Ji

The probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing model assumes that the expectation of the corpus matrix is low-rank and can be written as the product of a topic-word matrix and a word-document matrix. In this paper, we study the estimation of…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-11 Huy Tran , Yating Liu , Claire Donnat

Neural networks are among the state-of-the-art techniques for language modeling. Existing neural language models typically map discrete words to distributed, dense vector representations. After information processing of the preceding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-14 Yunchuan Chen , Lili Mou , Yan Xu , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

Term rewriting systems have a simple syntax and semantics and facilitate proofs of correctness. However, they are not as popular in industry or academia as imperative languages. We define a term rewriting based abstract programming language…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-07-08 David Plaisted , Lee Barnett

Recent advances in automated theorem proving leverages language models to explore expanded search spaces by step-by-step proof generation. However, such approaches are usually based on short-sighted heuristics (e.g., log probability or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Haiming Wang , Huajian Xin , Zhengying Liu , Wenda Li , Yinya Huang , Jianqiao Lu , Zhicheng Yang , Jing Tang , Jian Yin , Zhenguo Li , Xiaodan Liang

While test-time reasoning enables language models (LMs) to tackle complex tasks, searching or planning in natural language can be slow, costly, and error-prone. But even when LMs struggle to emulate the precise reasoning steps needed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Gabriel Grand , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Vikash K. Mansinghka , Alexander K. Lew , Jacob Andreas

Pattern matching is a popular feature in functional, imperative and object-oriented programming languages. Language designers should therefore invest effort in a good design for pattern matching. Most languages choose a first-match…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-16 David Binder , Lean Ermantraut

A system of nested dichotomies is a method of decomposing a multi-class problem into a collection of binary problems. Such a system recursively splits the set of classes into two subsets, and trains a binary classifier to distinguish…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-06 Tim Leathart , Bernhard Pfahringer , Eibe Frank

We report our ongoing work about a new deep architecture working in tandem with a statistical test procedure for jointly training texts and their label descriptions for multi-label and multi-class classification tasks. A statistical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Ahmad Aghaebrahimian , Mark Cieliebak

Most language modeling methods rely on large-scale data to statistically learn the sequential patterns of words. In this paper, we argue that words are atomic language units but not necessarily atomic semantic units. Inspired by HowNet, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Yihong Gu , Jun Yan , Hao Zhu , Zhiyuan Liu , Ruobing Xie , Maosong Sun , Fen Lin , Leyu Lin

We present a type system that combines, in a controlled way, first-order polymorphism with intersectiontypes, union types, and subtyping, and prove its safety. We then define a type reconstruction algorithm that issound and terminating.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Giuseppe Castagna , Mickaël Laurent , Kim Nguyen

An interactive theorem prover, Isabelle, is under development. In LCF, each inference rule is represented by one function for forwards proof and another (a tactic) for backwards proof. In Isabelle, each inference rule is represented by a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Lawrence C. Paulson

We present ReFormeR, a pattern-guided approach for query reformulation. Instead of prompting a language model to generate reformulations of a query directly, ReFormeR first elicits short reformulation patterns from pairs of initial queries…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Amin Bigdeli , Mert Incesu , Negar Arabzadeh , Charles L. A. Clarke , Ebrahim Bagheri

As neural language models approach human performance on NLP benchmark tasks, their advances are widely seen as evidence of an increasingly complex understanding of syntax. This view rests upon a hypothesis that has not yet been empirically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Nikolay Malkin , Sameera Lanka , Pranav Goel , Nebojsa Jojic

With the advancement in generative language models, the selection of prompts has gained significant attention in recent years. A prompt is an instruction or description provided by the user, serving as a guide for the generative language…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-21 Haoting Zhang , Jinghai He , Rhonda Righter , Zeyu Zheng

Discovering pattern sets or global patterns is an attractive issue from the pattern mining community in order to provide useful information. By combining local patterns satisfying a joint meaning, this approach produces patterns of higher…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-07-19 Patrice Boizumault , Bruno Crémilleux , Mehdi Khiari , Samir Loudni , Jean-Philippe Métivier

Many natural language processing tasks, e.g., coreference resolution and semantic role labeling, require selecting text spans and making decisions about them. A typical approach to such tasks is to score all possible spans and greedily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Tianyu Liu , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Ryan Cotterell , Mrinmaya Sachan

This paper presents a model-based, unsupervised algorithm for recovering word boundaries in a natural-language text from which they have been deleted. The algorithm is derived from a probability model of the source that generated the text.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Michael R. Brent

Patterns are words with terminals and variables. The language of a pattern is the set of words obtained by uniformly substituting all variables with words that contain only terminals. In their original definition, patterns only allow for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Klaus Jansen , Dirk Nowotka , Lis Pirotton , Corinna Wambsganz , Max Wiedenhöft

The purpose of this article is to present a new approach for the discovery and labelling of the implicit conceptual schema of texts through the application of the Thematic Progression theory. The underlying conceptual schema is the core…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Elena del Olmo Suárez , Ana María Fernández-Pampillón Cesteros