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Portfolio Selection is an important real-world financial task and has attracted extensive attention in artificial intelligence communities. This task, however, has two main difficulties: (i) the non-stationary price series and complex asset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Yifan Zhang , Peilin Zhao , Qingyao Wu , Bin Li , Junzhou Huang , Mingkui Tan

Stock portfolio optimization is the process of constant re-distribution of money to a pool of various stocks. In this paper, we will formulate the problem such that we can apply Reinforcement Learning for the task properly. To maintain a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Le Trung Hieu

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) connects the classic Reinforcement Learning algorithms with Deep Neural Networks. A problem in DRL is that CNNs are black-boxes and it is hard to understand the decision-making process of agents. In order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Matthias Rosynski , Frank Kirchner , Matias Valdenegro-Toro

This paper explores the application of deep Q-learning to hedging at-the-money options on the S\&P~500 index. We develop an agent based on the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm, trained to simulate hedging…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-13 Zofia Bracha , Paweł Sakowski , Jakub Michańków

Our work focuses on deep learning (DL) portfolio optimization, tackling challenges in long-only, multi-asset strategies across market cycles. We propose training models with limited regime data using pre-training techniques and leveraging…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-14 Brandon Luo , Jim Skufca

Reinforcement learning has been increasingly applied in monitoring applications because of its ability to learn from previous experiences and can make adaptive decisions. However, existing machine learning-based health monitoring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Thanveer Shaik , Xiaohui Tao , Lin Li , Haoran Xie , U R Acharya , Raj Gururajan , Xujuan Zhou

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been applied in financial portfolio management to improve returns in changing market conditions. However, unlike most fields where DRL is widely used, the stock market is more volatile and dynamic as it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Fengchen Gu , Angelos Stefanidis , Ángel García-Fernández , Jionglong Su , Huakang Li

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm in Artificial Intelligence (AI), enabling agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with their environments. Drawing from the foundations of trial and error, RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Majid Ghasemi , Amir Hossein Moosavi , Dariush Ebrahimi

With the fast development of quantitative portfolio optimization in financial engineering, lots of AI-based algorithmic trading strategies have demonstrated promising results, among which reinforcement learning begins to manifest…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-03-10 Huifang Huang , Ting Gao , Pengbo Li , Jin Guo , Peng Zhang , Nan Du

This article leverages deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to hedge American put options, utilizing the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) method. The agents are first trained and tested with Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) asset paths…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-14 Reilly Pickard , Finn Wredenhagen , Julio DeJesus , Mario Schlener , Yuri Lawryshyn

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an innovative approach to financial decision making, offering specialized solutions to complex investment problems where traditional methods fail. This review analyzes 167 articles from 2017--2025, focusing on…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-12 Mohammad Rezoanul Hoque , Md Meftahul Ferdaus , M. Kabir Hassan

This paper investigates the application of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to classical inventory management problems, with a focus on practical implementation considerations. We apply a DRL algorithm based on DirectBackprop to several…

In today's forex market traders increasingly turn to algorithmic trading, leveraging computers to seek more profits. Deep learning techniques as cutting-edge advancements in machine learning, capable of identifying patterns in financial…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-08-31 Davoud Sarani , Parviz Rashidi-Khazaee

Data processing and analytics are fundamental and pervasive. Algorithms play a vital role in data processing and analytics where many algorithm designs have incorporated heuristics and general rules from human knowledge and experience to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Qingpeng Cai , Can Cui , Yiyuan Xiong , Wei Wang , Zhongle Xie , Meihui Zhang

Standard deep reinforcement learning (DRL) aims to maximize expected reward, considering collected experiences equally in formulating a policy. This differs from human decision-making, where gains and losses are valued differently and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Jared Markowitz , Ryan W. Gardner , Ashley Llorens , Raman Arora , I-Jeng Wang

Portfolio management via reinforcement learning is at the forefront of fintech research, which explores how to optimally reallocate a fund into different financial assets over the long term by trial-and-error. Existing methods are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Rundong Wang , Hongxin Wei , Bo An , Zhouyan Feng , Jun Yao

The popularity of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) methods in economics have been exponentially increased. DRL through a wide range of capabilities from reinforcement learning (RL) and deep learning (DL) for handling sophisticated dynamic…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-04-06 Amir Mosavi , Pedram Ghamisi , Yaser Faghan , Puhong Duan

In distributed optimization, the practical problem-solving performance is essentially sensitive to algorithm selection, parameter setting, problem type and data pattern. Thus, it is often laborious to acquire a highly efficient method for a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-04 Daokuan Zhu , Tianqi Xu , Jie Lu

This paper sets forth a framework for deep reinforcement learning as applied to market making (DRLMM) for cryptocurrencies. Two advanced policy gradient-based algorithms were selected as agents to interact with an environment that…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-11-21 Jonathan Sadighian

In this thesis, we develop a comprehensive account of the expressive power, modelling efficiency, and performance advantages of so-called trading agents (i.e., Deep Soft Recurrent Q-Network (DSRQN) and Mixture of Score Machines (MSM)),…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2019-09-23 Angelos Filos