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An occurrence of a repeated substring $u$ in a string $S$ is called a net occurrence if extending the occurrence to the left or to the right decreases the number of occurrences to 1. The net frequency (NF) of a repeated substring $u$ in a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Shunsuke Inenaga

We consider the unweighted bipartite maximum matching problem in the one-pass turnstile streaming model where the input stream consists of edge insertions and deletions. In the insertion-only model, a one-pass $2$-approximation streaming…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-05-07 Christian Konrad

We give the first optimal bounds for returning the $\ell_1$-heavy hitters in a data stream of insertions, together with their approximate frequencies, closing a long line of work on this problem. For a stream of $m$ items in $\{1, 2, \dots,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-02 Arnab Bhattacharyya , Palash Dey , David P. Woodruff

Sketch-based streaming algorithms allow efficient processing of big data. These algorithms use small fixed-size storage to store a summary ("sketch") of the input data, and use probabilistic algorithms to estimate the desired quantity.…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Reuven Cohen , Liran Katzir , Aviv Yehezkel

We propose a novel statistical inference framework for streaming principal component analysis (PCA) using Oja's algorithm, enabling the construction of confidence intervals for individual entries of the estimated eigenvector. Most existing…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Syamantak Kumar , Shourya Pandey , Purnamrita Sarkar

In this paper, we revisit the classic CountSketch method, which is a sparse, random projection that transforms a (high-dimensional) Euclidean vector $v$ to a vector of dimension $(2t-1) s$, where $t, s > 0$ are integer parameters. It is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Kasper Green Larsen , Rasmus Pagh , Jakub Tětek

Estimating quantiles is one of the foundational problems of data sketching. Given $n$ elements $x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n$ from some universe of size $U$ arriving in a data stream, a quantile sketch estimates the rank of any element with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Meghal Gupta , Mihir Singhal , Hongxun Wu

Kernel density estimation is a simple and effective method that lies at the heart of many important machine learning applications. Unfortunately, kernel methods scale poorly for large, high dimensional datasets. Approximate kernel density…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Benjamin Coleman , Anshumali Shrivastava

Space efficient algorithms play a central role in dealing with large amount of data. In such settings, one would like to analyse the large data using small amount of "working space". One of the key steps in many algorithms for analysing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-01-19 Anup Bhattacharya , Davis Issac , Ragesh Jaiswal , Amit Kumar

Suppose we have a memory storing $0$s and $1$s and we want to estimate the frequency of $1$s by sampling. We want to do this I/O-efficiently, exploiting that each read gives a block of $B$ bits at unit cost; not just one bit. If the input…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Shyam Narayanan , Václav Rozhoň , Jakub Tětek , Mikkel Thorup

We propose two one-pass streaming algorithms for the $\mathcal{NP}$-hard hypergraph matching problem. The first algorithm stores a small subset of potential matching edges in a stack using dual variables to select edges. It has an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Henrik Reinstädtler , S M Ferdous , Alex Pothen , Bora Uçar , Christian Schulz

We propose skewed stable random projections for approximating the pth frequency moments of dynamic data streams (0<p<=2), which has been frequently studied in theoretical computer science and database communities. Our method significantly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-02-07 Ping Li

Consider the following 2-respecting min-cut problem. Given a weighted graph $G$ and its spanning tree $T$, find the minimum cut among the cuts that contain at most two edges in $T$. This problem is an important subroutine in Karger's…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Sagnik Mukhopadhyay , Danupon Nanongkai

We investigate one of the most basic problems in streaming algorithms: approximating the number of elements in the stream. In 1978, Morris famously gave a randomized algorithm achieving a constant-factor approximation error for streams of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Ofer Grossman , Meghal Gupta , Mark Sellke

Counting the frequency of small subgraphs is a fundamental technique in network analysis across various domains, most notably in bioinformatics and social networks. The special case of triangle counting has received much attention. Getting…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-11-19 Madhav Jha , C. Seshadhri , Ali Pinar

We study how to verify specific frequency distributions when we observe a stream of $N$ data items taken from a universe of $n$ distinct items. We introduce the \emph{relative Fr\'echet distance} to compare two frequency functions in a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Claire Mathieu , Michel de Rougemont

One of the oldest problems in the data stream model is to approximate the $p$-th moment $\|\mathcal{X}\|_p^p = \sum_{i=1}^n |\mathcal{X}_i|^p$ of an underlying vector $\mathcal{X} \in \mathbb{R}^n$, which is presented as a sequence of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Rajesh Jayaram , David P. Woodruff

We give the first L_1-sketching algorithm for integer vectors which produces nearly optimal sized sketches in nearly linear time. This answers the first open problem in the list of open problems from the 2006 IITK Workshop on Algorithms for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-04-15 Jelani Nelson , David P. Woodruff

In this paper, we take into consideration quantile estimation in data stream models, where every item in the data stream is a key-value pair. Researchers sometimes aim to estimate per-key quantiles (i.e. quantile estimation for every…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiarui Guo , Qiushi Lyu , Yuhan Wu , Haoyu Li , Zhaoqian Yao , Yuqi Dong , Xiaolin Wang , Bin Cui , Tong Yang

Structured high-cardinality data arises in many domains, and poses a major challenge for both modeling and inference. Graphical models are a popular approach to modeling structured data but they are unsuitable for high-cardinality…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-07-19 Branislav Kveton , Hung Bui , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Georgios Theocharous , S. Muthukrishnan , Siqi Sun