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Estimating ranks, quantiles, and distributions over streaming data is a central task in data analysis and monitoring. Given a stream of $n$ items from a data universe equipped with a total order, the task is to compute a sketch (data…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Graham Cormode , Zohar Karnin , Edo Liberty , Justin Thaler , Pavel Veselý

Estimating the quantiles of a large dataset is a fundamental problem in both the streaming algorithms literature and the differential privacy literature. However, all existing private mechanisms for distribution-independent quantile…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Daniel Alabi , Omri Ben-Eliezer , Anamay Chaturvedi

A pseudo-deterministic algorithm is a (randomized) algorithm which, when run multiple times on the same input, with high probability outputs the same result on all executions. Classic streaming algorithms, such as those for finding heavy…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Shafi Goldwasser , Ofer Grossman , Sidhanth Mohanty , David P. Woodruff

Detecting frequent elements is among the oldest and most-studied problems in the area of data streams. Given a stream of $m$ data items in $\{1, 2, \dots, n\}$, the objective is to output items that appear at least $d$ times, for some…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Christian Konrad

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for maintaining linear sketches in turnstile streams with faster update time. As an application, we show that $\log n$ \texttt{Count} sketches or \texttt{CountMin} sketches with a constant number of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Josh Alman , Huacheng Yu

In this paper we provide new quantum algorithms with polynomial speed-up for a range of problems for which no such results were known, or we improve previous algorithms. First, we consider the approximation of the frequency moments $F_k$ of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-08 Yassine Hamoudi , Frédéric Magniez

Random sketching is a dimensionality reduction technique that approximately preserves norms and singular values up to some $O(1)$ distortion factor with high probability. The most popular sketches in literature are the Gaussian sketch and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Andrew J. Higgins , Erik G. Boman , Ichitaro Yamazaki

In a ground-breaking paper, Indyk and Woodruff (STOC 05) showed how to compute $F_k$ (for $k>2$) in space complexity $O(\mbox{\em poly-log}(n,m)\cdot n^{1-\frac2k})$, which is optimal up to (large) poly-logarithmic factors in $n$ and $m$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Vladimir Braverman , Rafail Ostrovsky

We introduce and study a new data sketch for processing massive datasets. It addresses two common problems: 1) computing a sum given arbitrary filter conditions and 2) identifying the frequent items or heavy hitters in a data set. For the…

Computation · Statistics 2017-09-14 Daniel Ting

We study the classical problem of moment estimation of an underlying vector whose $n$ coordinates are implicitly defined through a series of updates in a data stream. We show that if the updates to the vector arrive in the random-order…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-08 David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

Problems involving the efficient arrangement of simple objects, as captured by bin packing and makespan scheduling, are fundamental tasks in combinatorial optimization. These are well understood in the traditional online and offline cases,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Graham Cormode , Pavel Veselý

In insertion-only streaming, one sees a sequence of indices $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_m\in [n]$. The stream defines a sequence of $m$ frequency vectors $x^{(1)},\ldots,x^{(m)}\in\mathbb{R}^n$ with $(x^{(t)})_i = |\{j : j\in[t], a_j = i\}|$. That…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Jarosław Błasiok , Jian Ding , Jelani Nelson

A sketch is a probabilistic data structure used to record frequencies of items in a multi-set. Sketches are widely used in various fields, especially those that involve processing and storing data streams. In streaming applications with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-08 Tong Yang , Lingtong Liu , Yibo Yan , Muhammad Shahzad , Yulong Shen , Xiaoming Li , Bin Cui , Gaogang Xie

The \emph{$\ell_2$ tracking problem} is the task of obtaining a streaming algorithm that, given access to a stream of items $a_1,a_2,a_3,\ldots$ from a universe $[n]$, outputs at each time $t$ an estimate to the $\ell_2$ norm of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Chi-Ning Chou , Zhixian Lei , Preetum Nakkiran

We study sketching and streaming algorithms for the Longest Common Subsequence problem (LCS) on strings of small alphabet size $|\Sigma|$. For the problem of deciding whether the LCS of strings $x,y$ has length at least $L$, we obtain a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Karl Bringmann , Bhaskar Ray Chaudhury

The problem of estimating frequency moments of a data stream has attracted a lot of attention since the onset of streaming algorithms [AMS99]. While the space complexity for approximately computing the $p^{\rm th}$ moment, for $p\in(0,2]$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-06-27 Alexandr Andoni , Huy L. Nguyen , Yury Polyanskiy , Yihong Wu

We consider streaming algorithms for approximating a product of input probabilities up to multiplicative error of $1-\epsilon$. It is shown that every randomized streaming algorithm for this problem needs space $\Omega(\log n + \log b -…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Markus Lohrey , Leon Rische , Louisa Seelbach Benkner , Julio Xochitemol

A technique introduced by Indyk and Woodruff [STOC 2005] has inspired several recent advances in data-stream algorithms. We show that a number of these results follow easily from the application of a single probabilistic method called…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-04-26 Alexandr Andoni , Robert Krauthgamer , Krzysztof Onak

Sketching and streaming algorithms are in the forefront of current research directions for cut problems in graphs. In the streaming model, we show that $(1-\epsilon)$-approximation for Max-Cut must use $n^{1-O(\epsilon)}$ space; moreover,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Dmitry Kogan , Robert Krauthgamer

With the increasing rate of data generated by critical systems, estimating functions on streaming data has become essential. This demand has driven numerous advancements in algorithms designed to efficiently query and analyze one or more…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Mike Heddes , Igor Nunes , Tony Givargis , Alex Nicolau